Experimental evaluation of the transesterification of waste palm oil into biodiesel

Al‐Widyan, Mohamad I.; Al-Shyoukh, Ali O.

doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00135-9

Cited by 355 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…Biodiesel is typically produced through the reaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to yield glycerin and methyl esters [6, 7 and 8]. The blend of 75:25 ester/diesel (B25) gave the best performance [8,9]. Among the attractive features of biodiesel fuel are: (i) it is plant, not petroleum-derived, and as such its combustion does not increase current net atmospheric levels of CO 2 a "greenhouse" gas; (ii) it can be domestically produced, offering the possibility of reducing petroleum imports; (iii) it is biodegradable; and (iv) relative to conventional diesel fuel, its combustion products have reduced levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and, under some conditions, nitrogen oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network

et al. 2009

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This study deals with artificial neural network (ANN) modeling a diesel engine using waste cooking biodiesel fuel to predict the brake power, torque, specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of engine. To acquire data for training and testing the proposed ANN, two cylinders, four-stroke diesel engine was fuelled with waste vegetable cooking biodiesel and diesel fuel blends and operated at different engine speeds. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The experimental results reveal that blends of waste vegetable oil methyl ester with diesel fuel provide better engine performance and improved emission characteristics. Using some of the experimental data for training, an ANN model based on standard Back-Propagation algorithm for the engine was developed. Multi layer perception network (MLP) was used for nonlinear mapping between the input and the output parameters. Different activation functions and several rules were used to assess the percentage error between the desired and the predicted values. It was observed that the ANN model can predict the engine performance and exhaust emissions quite well with correlation coefficient (R) were 0.9487, 0.999, 0.929 and 0.999 for the engine torque, SFC, CO and HC emissions, respectively. The prediction MSE (Mean Square Error) error was between the desired outputs as measured values and the simulated values by the model was obtained as 0.0004. Keywords

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network

et al. 2009

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“…Soybean oil esters were used in the USA (Muniyappa et al, 1996;Raneses et al, 1999), rape-seed oil esters in Europe (Uosukainen et al, 1999;Janulis, 2004), palm oil esters in Malaysia (Kalam and Masjuki, 2002;Al-Widyan and Al-Shyoukh, 2002) and recycled restaurant greases in Japan Demirbas, 2007). However, in many developing countries, especially China, soybean oil is consumed as a main edible oil resource, and palm oil is imported on the whole and has higher prices (1 US$/kg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production with Methyl Acetate as Acyl Acceptor

Huang

Yan

2008

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from renewable biological resources. During the process of biodiesel production, lipase-catalyzed transesterification is a crucial step. However, current techniques using methanol as acyl acceptor have lower enzymatic activity; this limits the application of such techniques in large-scale biodiesel production. Furthermore, the lipid feedstock of currently available techniques is limited. In this paper, the technique of lipase-catalyzed transesterification of five different oils for biodiesel production with methyl acetate as acyl acceptor was investigated, and the transesterification reaction conditions were optimized. The operation stability of lipase under the obtained optimal conditions was further examined. The results showed that under optimal transesterification conditions, both plant oils and animal fats led to high yields of methyl ester: cotton-seed oil, 98%; rapeseed oil, 95%; soybean oil, 91%; tea-seed oil, 92%; and lard, 95%. Crude and refined cottonseed oil or lard made no significant difference in yields of methyl ester. No loss of enzymatic activity was detected for lipase after being repeatedly used for 40 cycles (ca. 800 h), which indicates that the operational stability of lipase was fairly good under these conditions. Our results suggest that cotton-seed oil, rape-seed oil and lard might substitute soybean oil as suitable lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. Our results also show that our technique is fit for various lipid feedstocks both from plants and animals, and presents a very promising way for the large-scale biodiesel production.

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“…Transesterification reaction involves a TG reaction with a short-chain monohydric alcohol normally in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature to form FAME and glycerol (Banerjee and Chakraborty, 2009;Moser, 2009;Zabeti et al, 2009;Al-Widyan and Al-Shyoukh, 2002). The conversion of TG to biodiesel is a stepwise process whereby the alcohol initially reacts with TG as the alkoxide anion to produce FAME and DG, which reacts further with alcohol (alkoxide) to liberate another molecule of FAME and generate MG. Lastly, MG undergoes alcoholysis to yield glycerol and FAME, with the combined FAME collectively known as biodiesel Typically, three moles of biodiesel and one mole of glycerol are produced for every mole of TG that undergoes complete conversion.…”

Section: Alkalis Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria

Sylvester¹,

Elijah²

2013

GJBS

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Nigeria has joined the league of countries seeking for alternatives to fossil fuels. Biofuel has emerged as a credible alternative and blend stock for the dwindling petroleum resources. Nigeria is committed to blending biodiesel with petrodiesel up to 20%. This paper evaluates the challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria. The study found that biodiesel production in Nigeria could be challenged by feedstock supply shortages, poor quality of the feedstock, technological challenges and poor policy framework. Oil palm in Nigeria is mostly processed by smallholders, producing oils of low quality due to high free fatty acid (FFA), moisture and impurities above limits for biodiesel production. Pretreatment techniques, which are used to upgrade the oil, could increase the cost of the resultant biodiesel. Because of the poor quality of the feedstock, enzymatic transesterification is a more feasible method for biodiesel production. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of inedible oil as feedstock, production of lipase for enzymatic transesterification and upgrading the Nigerian policy and incentives.

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Experimental evaluation of the transesterification of waste palm oil into biodiesel

Cited by 355 publications

References 4 publications

Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network

Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network

Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production with Methyl Acetate as Acyl Acceptor

The challenge of biodiesel production from oil palm feedstock in Nigeria

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