Experimental evaluation of the two-ray model for near-shore WiFi-based network systems design

Gaitán, Miguel Gutiérrez; Santos, Pedro M.; Pinto, Luis Ramos; Almeida, Luís

doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129548

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For the DMU setup, the results in Fig. 6a provide initial evidence that the highest antenna position often fails in providing the best link quality, as alluded in previous studies [6,8]. Note also the overlap between the shaded areas for experiments I and II.…”

Section: Aggregated Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

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Empirical evaluation of short-range wifi vessel-to-shore overwater communications

d’Orey

Gaitán

Santos

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation &Amp; CHaracterization

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Unmanned vehicles used in ocean science, defense operations and commercial activities collect large amounts of data that is further processed onshore. For real-time information exchange, the wireless link between the unmanned vehicle and onshore devices must be reliable. In this work, we empirically evaluate a WiFi link between an autonomous underwater vehicle on the surface and an onshore device under real-world conditions. This work allowed i) collecting a large-scale realistic dataset and ii) identifying major factors impairing communication in such scenarios. The TX-RX antenna alignment, the operation mode (manual vs automatic) and varying reflecting surface induced by AUV mobility lead to sudden changes (e.g. nulls) in the received signal strength that can be larger than 20 dB. This study provides useful insights to the design of robust vessel-to-shore short-range communications.

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Section: Aggregated Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…These variations in received signal strength mainly arise from the constructive or destructive interference between the LOS and water-reflected paths that have different lengths. This constructive/destructive interference patterns are often modelled using the two-ray propagation model [3,8]. The raw RSSI data presented in Figs.…”

Section: Aggregated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical evaluation of short-range wifi vessel-to-shore overwater communications

d’Orey

Gaitán

Santos

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation &Amp; CHaracterization

Self Cite

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“…As far as the model of the offshore wireless channels is concerned, most of the current work focuses on the path loss model of different frequency bands (Maliatsos et al, 2006b;Maliatsos et al, 2006a). The sea surface radio channel model needs to consider the sea surface reflection phenomenon, so the Two-Ray model (Gaitań et al, 2020) was first used to model the sea wireless channel. The propagation loss measurement of the 5.8 GHz port WiMAX system carried out in Singapore Port confirms the effectiveness of the Two-Ray model (Joe et al, 2007), in which communication mode is from the land base station (BS) to the ship in the harbor of the WiMAX system.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the curvature of the earth needs to be considered for long-distance wide ocean scenes (Yang et al, 2013). REL model (Gaitań et al, 2020) (Yu et al, 2017), divides the propagation area into two segments by the reflection point, and the path loss model considering the curvature of the earth is given. Under the premise of comprehensive consideration of the earth's curvature and the reflection (Molisch, 2012), scattering (Saunders and Aragoń-Zavala, 2007), diffraction (Reyes-Guerrero et al, 2011), and other propagation phenomena (Mabrouk et al, 2015;Alqurashi et al, 2022), together with environmental geometric analysis and measurement data, such as the diffuse reflection effect of rough surfaces could derive a novel path loss model.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship-to-ship maritime wireless channel modeling under various sea state conditions based on REL model

Shui

Liang

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The propagation of electromagnetic waves on land and sea is significantly different. Although the Los scenario is significant in marine wireless communication, the marine wireless channel exists an obvious two-ray phenomenon due to the strong reflection path reflected through the sea surface. By modeling the measured data of marine wireless channels, this paper calculates the radio propagation characteristics of the Pearl River estuary. In addition, the wave fluctuations and high humidity environment will also impact the properties of the marine wireless channel. Therefore, sea surface morphology models under multiple wind speeds are built. To estimate the path loss in the same area under different conditions, the Monte Carlo method is employed to quantify the results. The simulation results show that the electric wave propagation gradually degenerated from the round earth loss (REL) model to the free space model with increasing wind speed. Moreover, the distribution of the shadow fading varies with distance. The findings provide references for the network planning of marine communication.

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“…These different implementation settings imply tides can induce changes on the water level that are in the order of magnitude of the antenna height, possibly intensifying tidal fading and other propagation effects. Although being addressed by a few works in the literature [25]- [27], [29], [31], [32], this issue has been largely ignored in practice and thus represents one of the main targets of our research.…”

Section: A Tidal Fadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling LoRa Communications in Estuaries for IoT Environmental Monitoring Systems

et al. 2022

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Low-power wide-area networks are extending beyond the conventional terrestrial domain. Coastal zones, rivers, wetlands, among others, are nowadays common deployment settings for Internet-of-Things nodes where communication technologies such as LoRa are becoming popular. In this article, we investigate large-scale fading dynamics of LoRa line-of-sight links deployed over an estuary with characteristic intertidal zones, considering both shore-to-shore and shore-to-vessel communications. We propose a novel methodology for path loss prediction which captures i) spatial, ii) temporal and iii) physical features of the RF signal interaction with the environmental dynamics, integrating those features into the two-ray propagation model. To this purpose, we resort to precise hydrodynamic modeling of the estuary, including the specific terrain profile (bathymetry) at the reflection point. These aspects are key to accounting for a reflecting surface of varying altitude and permittivity as a function of the tide. Experimental measurements using LoRa devices operating in the 868~MHz band show major trends on the received signal power in agreement with the methodology's predictions.

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Experimental evaluation of the two-ray model for near-shore WiFi-based network systems design

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Empirical evaluation of short-range wifi vessel-to-shore overwater communications

Empirical evaluation of short-range wifi vessel-to-shore overwater communications

Ship-to-ship maritime wireless channel modeling under various sea state conditions based on REL model

Modeling LoRa Communications in Estuaries for IoT Environmental Monitoring Systems

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