Experimental evaluation on the dielectric breakdown voltage of fresh and used transformer oil mixed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the Gilan electrical distribution company

Abstract

This paper reports on experimental investigations dealing with the influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the breakdown voltage of transformer oil. TiO 2 particles with the nano size could be synthesized by the sol-microwave method. The materials characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. In this study, we have measured the dielectric breakdown voltage of transformer oil-based nanofluids in accordance with IEC 156 standard. The concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles in transformer oil are in the range from 0.001 g/l to 0.01 g/l. These concentrations for fresh oil (before and after the physical purification) and used oils for about 4 and 15 years, evaluated separately and the results were compared. Experiment results indicated that the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles to transformer oil can enhance its dielectric strength and the surface compositions of the TiO 2 nanoparticles play an important role in its dielectric performance. When the volume concentration of nanoparticles is above 0.003 g/l, the dielectric breakdown voltage decreases. Based on test results and Due to the weather conditions in Gilan that has about 80 percent humid, titanium dioxide can be increase the breakdown voltage of transformer oils in free of moisture as well as humidity conditions.

Effects of nanostructure permittivity and dimensions on the increased dielectric strength of nano insulating oils

“…Nanomaterial infused oils demonstrates superior dielectric performance due to excellent permittivity of the nanomaterial (such as Titanium IV Oxide) and the polarization generated across the matrix materials and nanomaterial. Nano-fillers show the high surface density compared to micro-fillers, hence nano-filler infused oils demonstrate better dielectric performance compared to the micro-filler infused oils [11,12]. The carrier/base fluid characteristics also influence the dielectric behaviour of the nano oils [13].…”

Mineral and Ester Nanofluids as Dielectric Cooling Liquid for Power Transformers

“…These disadvantages included instability, the sedimentation of the solid fraction, resulting in the loss of any improvement in the base fluid properties, and undesirable consequences such as abrasion of the pipes and an increase in the pumping power requirements due to a penalty on pressure drop. It must be considered that the current mean time of residence of a traditional dielectric fluid in a transformer that is under use is several years [ 3 , 4 ]. So, the aim is to find nanofluid dispersions that last as long as possible, with reduced maintenance and economical operation of installations.…”

“…Solvothermal processes are frequently used in the synthesis of titanium and zinc oxides [ 101 , 148 , 160 , 161 ], they are also used to evaluate the effect on the thermal-dielectric properties of fluids [ 3 , 25 , 57 , 63 , 65 ]. During these processes, organic precursors of titanium or zinc react with organic solvents, frequently followed by calcination [ 65 , 148 , 160 ].…”

“…The reaction temperature varies depending on the production method and the reactions that are involved in it, ranging from the rated temperature to approximately 1000 °C. According to the literature, oxides can be synthesized by co-precipitation at room temperature [ 8 , 149 , 152 , 153 , 157 ] or at approximately 100 °C [ 7 , 19 , 20 , 34 , 107 , 123 , 124 , 137 , 145 , 151 , 154 , 155 ], or by the decomposition or solvothermal way at approximately 200 °C [ 23 , 101 , 146 , 159 ], 300 °C, [ 21 , 55 , 139 ], or even above 500 °C, [ 3 , 65 , 160 ]. Sometimes, the complete synthesis process is subdivided into several steps, each at a different temperature [ 7 , 19 , 21 , 55 , 66 , 108 , 109 ].…”

Breakdown in Nanofluids: A Short Review on Experimental Results and Related Mechanisms

“…Yet another group of researchers dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles in transformer oil [68]. The concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles in transformer oil are in the range from 0.001 g/L to 0.01 g/L.…”