Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in <i>Drosophila subobscura</i>

Mesas, Andrés; Jaramillo, Angélica; Castañeda, Luis E.

doi:10.1111/jeb.13777

Cited by 34 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…This species presents relevant thermal plasticity, with developmental temperature playing a decisive role in adult reproductive performance (Simões et al 2020;Santos et al 2021). Evolution of thermal performance curves for locomotor behavior in D. subobscura has been recently described as a result of selection for heat knockdown resistance (Mesas et al 2021). The range of development temperatures suitable for this species is 6-26°C (Moreteau et al 1997;David et al 2005;Schou et al 2017) with optimal viability between 16 and 20°C (Schou et al 2017), which is in agreement with their preferred body temperature (Rego et al 2010;Castañeda et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 56%

No evidence for short‐term evolutionary response to a warming environment in Drosophila

et al. 2021

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Adaptive evolution is key in mediating responses to global warming and may sometimes be the only solution for species to survive. Such evolution will expectedly lead to changes in the populations' thermal reaction norm and improve their ability to cope with stressful conditions. Conversely, evolutionary constraints might limit the adaptive response. Here, we test these expectations by performing a real-time evolution experiment in historically differentiated Drosophila subobscura populations. We address the phenotypic change after nine generations of evolution in a daily fluctuating environment with average constant temperature, or in a warming environment with increasing average and amplitude temperature across generations. Our results showed that (1) evolution under a global warming scenario does not lead to a noticeable change in the thermal response; (2) historical background appears to be affecting responses under the warming environment, particularly at higher temperatures; and (3) thermal reaction norms are trait dependent: although lifelong exposure to low temperature decreases fecundity and productivity but not viability, high temperature causes negative transgenerational effects on productivity and viability, even with high fecundity. These findings in such an emblematic organism for thermal adaptation studies raise concerns about the short-term efficiency of adaptive responses to the current rising temperatures.

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confidence: 56%

No evidence for short‐term evolutionary response to a warming environment in Drosophila

et al. 2021

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“…The developmental temperature range of D. subobscura is 6 -26ºC (Moreteau et al 1997;David et al 2005;Schou et al 2017) with optimal viability and preferred body temperature between 16ºC and 20ºC (Rego et al 2010;Castañeda et al 2013;Schou et al 2017). Shifts in this species' thermal reaction norms have been observed for locomotor behavior (Mesas et al 2021) and thermal tolerance (Schou et al 2016;MacLean et al 2019), although in the latter case mostly for lower thermal limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographical history shapes evolution of reproduction in a global warming scenario

Santos

Antunes

Grandela

et al. 2022

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Adaptive evolution might be critical for animal populations to thrive on the fast-changing natural environments. Ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to global warming and, although their limited coping ability has been suggested, few real-time evolution experiments have directly accessed their evolutionary potential. Here, we report a long-term experimental evolution study addressing the evolution of thermal reaction norms, after ~30 generations under different thermal environments. We analyzed the evolutionary dynamics of Drosophila subobscura populations as a function of the thermally variable environments in which they evolved and their distinct biogeographical background. Our results showed clear differences between the historically differentiated populations: while the northern D. subobscura populations showed a temporal increase in performance at higher temperatures, their southern counterparts presented the opposite pattern. This suggests that the northern populations might be better equipped to cope with the current rising temperatures. Remarkably, no effect of thermal selection was found. The lack of a clear long-term adaptive response at higher temperatures after evolution under a global warming scenario raises concerns about the evolutionary potential of ectotherms. Our results highlight the complex nature of thermal responses in face of environmental heterogeneity and emphasize the importance of considering intra-specific variation in thermal evolution studies.

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“…The ability to tolerate higher temperatures implies that together with an increase of the upper thermal limit, organisms must exhibit an array of responses of at different levels of biological organization, allowing them to maintain their biological performance at high temperatures (Huey & Kingsolver, 1993;Pörtner et al, 2006;Mesas et al, 2021;McGaughran et al, 2021). Among these responses, metabolic depression, defined as a reduction of the energy expenditure associated to maintenance of organisms, is considered an important mechanism associated with resistance to different types of environmental stress (Guppy & Withers, 1999;Storey & Storey, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, heat tolerance evolution and the correlated responses of associated traits depend on the intensity of heat stress selection (Santos et al 2012; Mesas et al, 2021). For instance, Mesas et al (2021) found evolutionary responses of heat tolerance regardless of intensity of heat selection, which did have an effect on the evolutionary response of the thermal performance in Drosophila subobscura (Mesas et al, 2021). The effects of thermal selection intensity on thermal-related traits were previously predicted by Santos et al (2012) whom, using mathematical simulation of artificial selection experiments, found a decrease of metabolic rate only when selection for increasing heat tolerance was performed using slow-ramping protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary responses of energy metabolism, development, and reproduction to artificial selection for increasing heat tolerance inDrosophila subobscura

Mesas

Castañeda

2022

Preprint

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1. Adaptation to increasing environmental temperatures implies an increase of the upper thermal limit (CTmax), but also an enhanced capacity of the organisms to perform fundamental biological functions at high temperatures. 2. Evolution of stress resistance is companied with a metabolic depression, which allows to organisms have reduced maintaining costs and allocate the energy surplus to energy demanding resistance mechanisms and reproduction. 3. Heat tolerance evolution depends on the heat intensity selection and it could have different consequences on the evolution of correlated traits such as energy metabolism and fitness-related traits. Thus, we evaluated the correlated responses of metabolic rate, metabolism-related enzymes (G6P branchpoint enzymes), reproductive and preadult survival in control and selected lines for increasing heat tolerance in Drosophila subobscura. 4. We did not find a correlated response of metabolic rate associated with heat tolerance evolution, but we detected a reduced hexokinase activity in the slow-ramping selected lines. On the other hand, we found an increase in fecundity in the fast- and slow-ramping selected lines, but an increase in egg-to-adult viability was only found in the slow-ramping selected lines. 5. Our results show that the evolution of heat tolerance does not imply an increase in energy demand neither a tradeoff with reproduction and preadult survival, which suggests that heat tolerance evolution induces correlated response to increase the performance at high temperatures. Therefore, spatial and temporal variability of thermal stress intensity should be taking into account in future studies if we want to understand and predict the adaptive response to ongoing and future climatic conditions.

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Experimental evolution on heat tolerance and thermal performance curves under contrasting thermal selection in Drosophila subobscura

Cited by 34 publications

References 76 publications

No evidence for short‐term evolutionary response to a warming environment in Drosophila

No evidence for short‐term evolutionary response to a warming environment in Drosophila

Biogeographical history shapes evolution of reproduction in a global warming scenario

Evolutionary responses of energy metabolism, development, and reproduction to artificial selection for increasing heat tolerance inDrosophila subobscura

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