Experimental Evolution under Fluctuating Thermal Conditions Does Not Reproduce Patterns of Adaptive Clinal Differentiation in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Kellermann, Vanessa; Hoffmann, Ary A.; Kristensen, Torsten Nygaard; Moghadam, Neda Nasiri; Loeschcke, Volker

doi:10.1086/683252

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…; Kellermann et al. ). Hence, given the moderate size of available inbred isofemale line collections and the considerable effort and time to establish them, we anticipate that freshly collected isofemale lines will continue to be used to seed E&R studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Nouhaud¹,

Tobler²,

Nolte³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental evolution is a powerful tool to study adaptation under controlled conditions. Laboratory natural selection experiments mimic adaptation in the wild with better‐adapted genotypes having more offspring. Because the selected traits are frequently not known, adaptation is typically measured as fitness increase by comparing evolved populations against an unselected reference population maintained in a laboratory environment. With adaptation to the laboratory conditions and genetic drift, however, it is not clear to what extent such comparisons provide unbiased estimates of adaptation. Alternatively, ancestral variation could be preserved in isofemale lines that can be combined to reconstitute the ancestral population. Here, we assess the impact of selection on alleles segregating in newly established Drosophila isofemale lines. We reconstituted two populations from isofemale lines and compared them to two original ancestral populations (AP) founded from the same lines shortly after collection. No significant allele frequency changes could be detected between both AP and simulations showed that drift had a low impact compared to Pool‐Seq‐associated sampling effects. We conclude that laboratory selection on segregating variation in isofemale lines is too weak to have detectable effects, which validates ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as an unbiased approach for measuring adaptation in evolved populations.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Nouhaud¹,

Tobler²,

Nolte³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, subsequent field manipulations are necessary to confirm reputed agents of local adaptation (Agrawal ), as laboratory and greenhouse environments can be poor proxies for natural conditions (Kellermann et al . ; Poorter et al . ).…”

Section: Question 2: How Do Agents Of Selection Interact To Generate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying targets and agents of selection: innovative methods to evaluate the processes that contribute to local adaptation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Extensive empirical work has demonstrated local adaptation to discrete environments, yet few studies have elucidated the genetic and environment mechanisms that generate it. Here, we advocate for research that broadens our understanding of local adaptation beyond pattern and towards process. We discuss how studies of local adaptation can be designed to address two unresolved questions in evolutionary ecology: Does local adaptation result from fitness trade‐offs at individual loci across habitats? How do agents of selection interact to generate local adaptation to discrete contrasting habitats types and continuous environmental gradients? To inform future investigations of the genetic basis of local adaptation, we conducted a literature review of studies that mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fitness in native field environments using reciprocal transplant experiments with hybrid mapping populations or Genome‐wide Association Study (GWAS) panels. We then reviewed the literature for field experiments that disentangle the contributions of various agents of selection to local adaptation. For each question, we suggest future lines of inquiry and discuss implications for climate change and agriculture research. (i) Studies in the native habitats of five biological systems revealed that local adaptation is more often caused by conditional neutrality than genetic trade‐offs at the level of the QTL. We consider the ramifications of this result and discuss knowledge gaps in our current understanding of the genetic basis of local adaptation. (ii) We uncovered only five studies that identified the agents of selection that contribute to local adaptation, and nearly all were conducted in discrete habitats rather than across the continuous environmental gradients that many species inhabit. We introduce a novel experimental framework for illuminating the processes underlying local adaptation. A holistic view of local adaptation is critical for predicting the responses of organisms to climate change, enhancing conservation efforts, and developing strategies to improve crop resilience to environmental stress. Experiments that manipulate agents of selection in native field environments using pedigreed populations or GWAS panels offer unique opportunities for detecting the genetic and environmental mechanisms that generate local adaptation.

show abstract

“…An increasing number of evolutionary and ecological studies have recently focused on the effects of short-or long-term variation of temperatures (Ketola et al, 2004;Kingsolver et al, 2009;Hallsson and Bjorklund, 2012;Kellermann et al, 2015). Using fluctuating temperatures can be argued to have a greater ecological relevance compared with constant ones, as they are a better proxy of a natural environment (Boyce et al, 2006;Schreiber, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-term adaptive responses to varying temperatures are expected to depend on the ability to rapidly adjust the phenotype by phenotypic plasticity (Pal, 1998;Lande, 2009;Chevin and Lande, 2010;Kellermann et al, 2015). For instance, Manenti et al (2014) found high levels of plasticity in a natural population of Drosophila simulans induced by different fluctuating thermal regimes that differed in the amplitude and predictability of daily fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Few genetic and environmental correlations between life history and stress resistance traits affect adaptation to fluctuating thermal regimes

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few genetic and environmental correlations between life history and stress resistance traits affect adaptation to fluctuating thermal regimes T Manenti, JG Sørensen, NN Moghadam and V Loeschcke Laboratory selection in thermal regimes that differed in the amplitude and the predictability of daily fluctuations had a marked effect on stress resistance and life history traits in Drosophila simulans. The observed evolutionary changes are expected to be the result of both direct and correlated responses to selection. Thus, a given trait might not evolve independently from other traits because of genetic correlations among these traits. Moreover, different test environments can induce novel genetic correlations because of the activation of environmentally dependent genes. To test whether and how genetic correlations among stress resistance and life history traits constrain evolutionary adaptation, we used three populations of D. simulans selected for 20 generations in constant, predictable and unpredictable daily fluctuating thermal regimes and tested each of these selected populations in the same three thermal regimes. We explored the relationship between genetic correlations between traits and the evolutionary potential of D. simulans by comparing genetic correlation matrices in flies selected and tested in different thermal test regimes. We observed genetic correlations mainly between productivity, body size, starvation and desiccation tolerance, suggesting that adaptation to the three thermal regimes was affected by correlations between these traits. We also found that the correlations between some traits such as body size and productivity or starvation tolerance and productivity were determined by test regime rather than selection regime that is expected to limit genetic adaptation to thermal regimes in these traits. The results of this study suggest that several traits and several environments are needed to explore adaptive responses, as genetic and environmentally induced correlations between traits as results obtained in one environment cannot be used to predict the response of the same population in another environment.

show abstract

Experimental Evolution under Fluctuating Thermal Conditions Does Not Reproduce Patterns of Adaptive Clinal Differentiation inDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution

Identifying targets and agents of selection: innovative methods to evaluate the processes that contribute to local adaptation

Few genetic and environmental correlations between life history and stress resistance traits affect adaptation to fluctuating thermal regimes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About