Experimental exergy analyses in aDIdiesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel andTiO₂nano‐particle

Abstract

In this study, the operation of a four-cylinder, four-stroke DI diesel engine powered by fuels created by blending diesel and TiO 2 nanoparticles was evaluated based on energy and exergy analyses. Within the study's scope, it is possible to see the engine's performance, combustion, emission, and heat transfer distribution at various engine speeds. The engine was tested by operating it with diesel and fuel blends, diesel-2.5 ppm TiO 2 . According to obtained results, it was found that by adding 2.5 ppm TiO 2 to diesel fuel, energy and exergy efficiency increased by 4.1% and 3%.Engine power and shaft exergy improved by 3.4%, and diesel-2.5 ppm TiO 2 blends decreased irreversibility by 3.8%. Diesel-2.5 ppm TiO 2 blended fuel decreases the exhaust loss exergy and exhaust heat losses by 2.5% and 1.4% and also uncounted heat losses reduced by 5.7% compared with baseline diesel. Moreover, the exergy transfer with cooling water increased by 10.5% compared with baseline diesel fuel.The brake specific fuel consumption was 3% lower for diesel and 2.5 ppm TiO 2 nanoparticle blended fuels. The engine fueled with blended fuel revealed mitigation in the UHC, CO, and Soot emissions than those of diesel fuel. NOx emission exhibited increasing trends with the blended fuel. It is concluded that diesel blend with the addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles exhibits better engine performance and reduced emissions compared to diesel fuel.diesel engine, diesel fuel, engine characteristics, exergy-energy analysis, TiO 2 nanoparticle | INTRODUCTIONRecently, due to the environmental deterioration, global energy crisis, and sustainable development, diesel engines have faced the careful regulation prescriptions ratified on limiting the peril outflowed from the combustion of engines. 1,2 A feasible method is to substitute the fuels with various physiochemical properties and cleaner combustion concerning the environment. 3 Ethanol as a generally available fuel could be used either as a pure substitution or in a mixture form. 4,5 It is also considered in terms of renewable and alternative energy, which also needs less oxygen to get burned compared with baseline diesel fuel. 6,7 Recently, among many options, nano-technology has got great attention on the fuel synthesis of automotive engines. During the combustion, due to augmentation in the ratio of the surface area per volume, nanoparticles with catalytic and oxidation properties improve the thermal performance and curtail emissions. 8 Recently, many investigations have observed the impact of adding nanoparticles to pure fuel or mixture fuel on combustion. For instance, Mardi et al. 9 investigated the effect of blended Ethanol-Methanol-Butanol fuels with CNT, Al2O3, and TiO2 nano additives on the diesel engine. They reported notable improvement in each aspect of performance, such as improved brake power (BP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) along with the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduction. Moreover, they showed a significant reduction in all emissions CO, UHC, NOx, and smoke, using na...

A literature survey on exergy analyses of marine diesel engine and power systems

“…Apart from this, it is also stated that the main effect of reducing the exergy efficiency is the increase in the amount of oxygen in the fuel types used and the addition of titanium oxide to diesel fuel. (Jafarmadar & Amini Niaki, 2022;Odibi et al, 2019). In the other studies examined, exergy analyzes were evaluated with different parameters.…”

“…They stated that fuel energy and exergy showed similar values due to small nanoparticles and that the increase in engine revolutions increased the fuel energy and exergy. It was determined that the addition of 2.5 ppm TiO2 into diesel fuel increased the energy and exergy efficiency, and the increase in engine speed for both conventional diesel and diesel TiO2 added fuel mixture decreased the exergy efficiency (Jafarmadar & Amini Niaki, 2022). Unlike the studies in the literature, Ozsari and Ust examined the combustion process in the combustion chamber using the method of exergy analysis.…”