Experimental Flame Heat Transfer Correlations For A Steel Column Adjacent To And Surrounded By A Pool Fire

Kamikawa, Daisuke; Hasemi, Yuji; Wakamatsu, Takashi; Kagiya, Koji

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.7-989

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This paper is an extension of a previous work [8], concerning on using FDS [9] to simulate the heating mechanism of steel columns in localized fires. In [8], the surrounding fire test with heat release rate of 81 kW in [7] had been simulated by using FDS (where 'surrounding' is the location of the fire source to the column), and the numerical result agree well with the test data. To give general recommendations on using FDS for predicting the thermal actions in localized fires, the other 3 surrounding fire tests in [7] are simulated in this paper, and the results for gas temperatures in a design fire scenario predicted by FDS are compared with those predicted by correlations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…In [8], the surrounding fire test with heat release rate of 81 kW in [7] had been simulated by using FDS (where 'surrounding' is the location of the fire source to the column), and the numerical result agree well with the test data. To give general recommendations on using FDS for predicting the thermal actions in localized fires, the other 3 surrounding fire tests in [7] are simulated in this paper, and the results for gas temperatures in a design fire scenario predicted by FDS are compared with those predicted by correlations. Sensitivity studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of input parameters include grid size and number of solid angles, on the accuracies of the numerical results.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…In Kamikawa et al's surrounding fire tests [7], a 2.50 m tall, 0.15 m square and 4.5 mm thick steel column were prepared as the specimen, as illustrated in Figure 7. Eight 0.15 m square porous burners with propane as the fuel were placed around the 0.15 m square column to make a 0.45 m square burner-column complex.…”

Section: Description Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the burner area, the heat release rate per unit area (HRRPUA) was specified to generate the same HRR as in the experiments. OPEN vents were used on the exterior mesh boundaries to represent opening conditions in the experiments [7]. Thermal properties of the steel were taken from [21].…”

Section: Description Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat fluxes from fires (flames) to adjacent vertical walls have also been studied by many researchers, and calculation formulae are proposed in SFPE handbook [6]. To the authors' acknowledge, only Kamikawa et al [7] had tested the thermal mechanism of steel columns exposed to localized fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Dynamic Simulation on Thermal Actions in Localized Fires in Large Enclosure

Zhang

Li²

2012

Volume 8 Number 2

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ABSTRACT:Large enclosures commonly exist in many buildings like atria, open car parks and airport terminals. There is an international trend to prompt performance-based method (PBM) for fire resistance design. By PBM, the temperatures of structures in design fires should be determined. Localized fires are always adopted as design fires in large spaces. Currently, no agreed calculation method is available for the calculation of the heat flux from a localized fire to a vertical column. This paper aims at providing a feasible way of calculating the thermal actions in localized fires. Particularly, gas temperatures in localized fires and heat transfer from localized fires to steel vertical columns have been numerically investigated. The popular CFD code FDS is adopted as the numerical tool. A design fire scenario and four real localized fire tests are simulated in FDS. The effects of input parameters, including grid size and number of solid angles, on the accuracies of the numerical results have been investigated. Numerical results are compared with correlations and test data, which shows good agreement. INTRODUCTIONA compartment fire will generally undergo six stages which include ignition, growth, flashover, full fire development or steady burning, decay and extinguishment. Flashover is the rapid transition between the primary fire which is essentially localized around the item first ignited, and the general conflagration within the compartment when all fuel surfaces are burning [1]. Depending on whether flashover will happen or not, the real fires are usually divided into pre-and post-flashover fires. For small and middle scaled compartments with sufficient fuel and ventilation, the potential fires will develop to flashover and be characterized as post-flashover fires. For large scale enclosures or where sprinklers work effectively, flashover is unlikely to occur and the fires are characterized as pre-flashover fires. Post-flashover fires provide the worst case scenarios which are usually considered in fire resistance design. However, localized heating of key elements of structure in pre-flashover fires must be also considered.For post-flashover fires, the gas properties within the compartment are approximately uniform that temperature-time curves are usually adopted to represent the fire environments. Correspondingly, the temperature of exposed members can be easily determined by interpreting the homogenous gas temperature as the effective black body radiation temperature and as the same gas temperature for convection calculation. At present, various formulae are provided by fire codes in different countries for calculating the temperature of steel members in post-flashover fires [2][3][4]. However, for pre-flashover or localized fires, the distribution of gas temperature is spatially non-uniform.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Description Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Dynamic Simulation on Thermal Actions in Localized Fires in Large Enclosure

Zhang

Li²

2012

Volume 8 Number 2

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Thermal Analysis of Hollow Steel Columns Exposed to Localised Fires

et al. 2015

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Fire Fragility Curves for Industrial Steel Pipe-Racks Integrating Demand and Capacity Uncertainties

Possidente

Randaxhe²,

Tondini

2023

Fire Technol

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This paper aims at deriving fire fragility curves for a prototype steel pipe-rack in an industrial plant subjected to localised fires. In particular, starting from a reference case study, uncertainties related to the structural capacity and the size of the localised fires caused by a hole in a tank or a hole in a pipe are included in the analyses. Thus, the influence of uncertainties in the derivation of the fragility functions was highlighted by comparing four sets of analyses in which both demand and capacity uncertainties were progressively introduced. Moreover, alongside the cloud analysis (CA), the suitability of the Multiple Stripe Analysis (MSA) to build relevant probabilistic fire demand models was assessed. Fire fragility curves were derived by considering the interstorey drift ratio (ISDR) as engineering demand parameter (EDP) and by assessing different relevant intensity measures (IMs) that represent the severity of localised fires. It was found that by introducing uncertainties in the steel yield strength, lower probabilities to exceed the life safety and the near collapse limit states with respect to the reference case study were observed. Moreover, the inclusion of further uncertainties, described with continuous physically-based probability functions of the size of the fire diameter, affected the probabilistic models by lowering the probability of exceedance. These functions provide a more realistic description of the fire scenario, enabling a better representation of the structural vulnerability. For this case study, the CA exhibited better suitability for the derivation of fire fragility curves than the MSA. All the analysis results are thoroughly discussed in the paper.

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Experimental Flame Heat Transfer Correlations For A Steel Column Adjacent To And Surrounded By A Pool Fire

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Fire Dynamic Simulation on Thermal Actions in Localized Fires in Large Enclosure

Fire Dynamic Simulation on Thermal Actions in Localized Fires in Large Enclosure

Thermal Analysis of Hollow Steel Columns Exposed to Localised Fires

Fire Fragility Curves for Industrial Steel Pipe-Racks Integrating Demand and Capacity Uncertainties

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