Experimental Hepatic Carcinogenesis: Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world, and it is influenced by agents such as DEN, 2-AAF, phenobarbital, alcohol, aflatoxin B1 metabolite or hepatitis viruses (B and C). Oxidative stress is becoming recognized as a key factor in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen species can play a leading role in initiation and promotion of hepatic carcinogenesis. The metabolites of DEN Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) mediate the binding of tumour promoters by covalently binding to the DNA with one or two oxidation-providing electrons. 2-AAF is the inducer of DEN, and it is involved in tumour formation in the bladder and liver. Reactive Oxygen species (ROS); carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and enzymes, such as affect all important structures. Additionally, an excessive amount of ROS is highly toxic to cells. Antioxidants are protects against ROS, toxic substances, carcinogens. This review focuses on the literature on studies of Hepatic Carcinogenesis, oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy.

The Carcinogenic Agent Diethylnitrosamine Induces Early Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Proliferation in Rat Liver, Stomach and Colon: Protective Effect of Ginger Extract

“…On the other hand, DNA-oxidative and nitrosative damage occurs at the sites of carcinogenesis is a potential risk of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in humans and animal models, regardless of etiology (Kawanishi et al, 2006;Laothong et al, 2010). As a consequence of DENA-induced oxidative and nitrosative DNA damage (Klaunig and Kamendulis, 2004;Unsal and Belge-Kurutas, 2017), inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are significantly elevated in DENA-treated liver, stomach and colon, in the present study. Further, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL20) as a result of macrophages and neutrophils activation, is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer in human liver (Uehara et al, 2014).…”

Antigenotoxicity properties of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its chemical marker, the diterpene (−)-copalic acid

“…AFB 1 , which is mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus, is a prevalent food contaminant (Dai et al 2017). It is well-established AFB 1 is associated with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and severe multi-organ toxicity properties (Dai et al 2017;Unsal and Belge-Kurutaş 2017;Vismara and Caloni 2007). The molecular toxicity attributed to AFB 1 is primarily due to DNA alkylation and subsequent mutagenesis, as well as its prooxidant activities, which result in the generation of oxygen radicals (Zeinvand-Lorestani et al 2015).…”

Investigation of the Effects of Octreotide Agent on Oxidative Stress, 8-Hydroxy Deoxyguanosine in Experimental Hepatic Carcinogenesis Rat Model

“…DEN initiates the preneoplastic liver lesion while 2-AAF is the trigger. 1 Nitrosamines are widely accepted as carcinogenic compounds, but require metabolic activation to perform their cytotoxic and carcinogenic activities. DEN is a nitrosamine compound that induces hepatic carcinogenesis.…”

“…If oxidants are favoured, oxidative stress will occur which alters and damages many intracellular molecules, including DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins. [1][2] There is a strong link between hepatocarcinogenesis and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis.…”