Experimental immunology Decreased serum and mucosa immunoglobulin A levels in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient mice

Kheirouri, Sorayya; Alizadeh, Mohammad

doi:10.5114/ceji.2014.43716

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, RA plays an important role in the humoral response and is essential for B cell production of IgA antibodies (Hall et al 2011;Mora et al 2006), and zinc deficiency leads to a decrease in serum IgA, promoting the reduction of humoral immunity (Kheirouri and Alizadeh 2014).…”

Section: Obesity Nutrition and Viral Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview

Alberca

Oliveira

Branco

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

127

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The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a huge challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Many different risk factors are associated with disease severity, such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, and most recently obesity. The incidence of obesity has been on the rise for the past 25 years, reaching over 2 billion people throughout the world, and obesity itself could be considered a pandemic. In this review, we summarize aspects involved with obesity, such as changes in the immune response, nutritional factors, physiological factors, and the gutlung axis, that impact the viral response and the COVID-19 prognosis.

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Section: Obesity Nutrition and Viral Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview

Alberca

Oliveira

Branco

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

127

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“…Oral administration of RA in VAD mice proved to be efficient in reestablishing IgA production after influenza vaccination [ 7 ]. In addition, vitamin A and zinc deficiency leads to a decrease of serum IgA and a drastic reduction of humoral mucosal immunity [ 85 ]. During vaccination, the association with RA potentiates the immune response in both adult and neonatal mice, suggesting an important role of RA as a vaccine adjuvant, especially during the early stages of life [ 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Ra On Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases

Oliveira

Teixeira

Sato

2018

Mediators of Inflammation

174

128

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Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA promotes dendritic cells to express CD103 and to produce RA, enhances the differentiation of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cells, and induces gut-homing specificity in T cells. Although vitamin A is crucial for maintaining homeostasis at the intestinal barrier and equilibrating immunity and tolerance, including gut dysbiosis, retinoids perform a wide variety of functions in many settings, such as the central nervous system, skin aging, allergic airway diseases, cancer prevention and therapy, and metabolic diseases. The mechanism of RA is interesting to explore as both a mucosal adjuvant and a combination therapy with other effective agents. Here, we review the effect of RA on innate and adaptive immunity with a special emphasis on inflammatory status.

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“…Deficiency of vitamin A and zinc lead to decreased IgA and mucosal immunity 54 . RA increased early B‐cell factor 1 (EBF1) and paired box protein‐5 (Pax‐5) and increased the number of B cells in the spleen 55 .…”

Section: Immune Regulation Mediated By Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid‐19 illness in resource‐limited settings

Midha¹,

Kumar

et al. 2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Of all the nutrients, vitamin A has been the most extensively evaluated for its impact on immunity. There are three main forms of vitamin A, retinol, retinal and retinoic acid (RA) with the latter being most biologically active and all‐trans‐RA (ATRA) its main derivative. Vitamin A is a key regulator of the functions of various innate and adaptive immune cells and promotes immune‐homeostasis. Importantly, it augments the interferon‐based innate immune response to RNA viruses decreasing RNA virus replication. Several clinical trials report decreased mortality in measles and Ebola with vitamin A supplementation.During the Covid‐19 pandemic interventions such as convalescent plasma, antivirals, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulator drugs have been tried but most of them are difficult to implement in resource‐limited settings. The current review explores the possibility of mega dose vitamin A as an affordable adjunct therapy for Covid‐19 illness with minimal reversible side effects. Insight is provided into the effect of vitamin A on ACE‐2 expression in the respiratory tract and its association with the prognosis of Covid‐19 patients. Vitamin A supplementation may aid the generation of protective immune response to Covid‐19 vaccines. An overview of the dosage and safety profile of vitamin A is presented along with recommended doses for prophylactic/therapeutic use in randomised controlled trials in Covid‐19 patients.

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Experimental immunology Decreased serum and mucosa immunoglobulin A levels in vitamin A- and zinc-deficient mice

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview

Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases

Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid‐19 illness in resource‐limited settings

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