Experimental immunology Distribution of the type I interferon in different organs of chicken digestive system

Abstract

ObjectiveDistribution of the type I interferon in different organs of the chicken digestive system.Material and methodsIn order to obtain a certain length (274 bp) of a fragment, a pair of primers was designed according to the conserved nucleotide sequence of gallus IFNAR-1 (EU477527.1) fragment that was published by the GenBank. The fragment was cloned by pEASY-T1 and amplified by relative fluorescence quantitative PCR with SYBR Green I; according to the results, we made a standard curve. The experimental group took interferon orally, while the control group took equivalent physiological saline orally, then we used relative fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the copies of the IFNAR-1 gene of the palate, tongue, esophagus, craw, glandular stomach, duodenum and rectum of the experimental group and control group. Copies of the IFNAR-1 gene of those organs were calculated by Ct value. Finally, all the chickens were infected with the Newcastle Disease Virus after 48 hours.ResultsThe results showed that the IFNAR-1 gene had the most expression in the esophagus. In the experiment of interferon antiviral activity detection, the chickens which took interferon orally were healthier than the other group.ConclusionsIt is confirmed that the interferon receptor did exist in the digestive organs. However, according to the physical and chemical properties of interferon, interferon is easily inactivated in the acid and alkali environment, by pepsin and trypsin, so the absorption site for interferon exists in organs above the craw, especially in the esophagus and tongue.

Avian Interferons and Their Antiviral Effectors

“…To accomplish the primary function of IFNs, it is essential for these cytokines to bind to their respective receptors. Receptors for type I IFNs (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) have been sequenced in chicken ( 58 ); however, little information is available about their functional domains and their crucial roles in type I IFN signaling.…”

Evolution of RNA sensing receptors in birds

“…Of these, there are at least 10 genes with a core region resembling IFN-alpha (IFN-α), while chicken IFN-2 has similarities to IFN-beta (IFN-β). Their presumed receptor composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 has been identified in chickens (Guo et al 2014). Interferon signalling leads to the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) many of which have antiviral function, as reviewed recently (Campbell and Magor 2020;Evseev and Magor 2019;Santhakumar et al 2017).…”