Experimental In-Body to On-Body and In-Body to In-Body Path Loss Models of Planar Elliptical Ring Implanted Antenna in the Ultra-Wide Band

Abstract

This paper presents in-body to on-body and inbody to in-body channel models of a planar wideband elliptical ring implanted antenna in the lower part of Ultra-WideBand (UWB, 3.1 to 5.1 GHz). The results are verified inside a practical UWB liquid phantom with the help of a wideband on-body monopole antenna. Moreover, the design principle of the inbody and on-body antennas, as well as their simulated and measured reflection coefficients are presented. The channel characterization inside the lossy medium gives a deep insight of wireless capsule endoscope technology (WCE) and helps to evaluate the radiation performance of the previously designed planar elliptical ring implanted antenna.

Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

“…Recent research on UWB technology as a communication interface in WBAN systems, with an emphasis on in-body to on-body systems, is shown in Table 2 . As presented in Table 2 , there is an increasing number of studies of UWB applications in wireless capsule endoscopy [ 9 , 30 , 88 , 105 , 106 ] and implanted devices in general [ 3 , 107 ]. Due to its characteristics, UWB is suitable for implanted applications since it enables low power transmission and small physical dimension.…”

“…Compared to the FCC, the European regulatory authority separates two frequency ranges: from 3.1 GHz up to 4.8 GHz and from 6 GHz up to 10.3 GHz. Characteristics of UWB systems, such as high-data-rate, immunity to fading, reduced power spectral density, centimeter-level location estimation, low-cost, and fine time resolution (large bandwidth), make this communication technology suitable for applications related to the WBAN domain [ 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, due to the above-mentioned characteristics, the UWB signal does not cause significant interference to other systems operating in the vicinity and does not represent a threat to the patients’ safety [ 18 ].…”

“…Such characteristics make them available in the market for commercial applications at low price. Lately, there has been a growing interest in research of applications of UWB systems in the health sector, e.g., for vital signs monitoring [ 11 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], breast tumor detection [ 10 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and for the wireless capsule endoscopy [ 9 , 18 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Besides the communication interface, UWB can be used as a radar in remote sensing and imaging techniques [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

WBAN Channel Characteristics Between Capsule Endoscope and Receiving Directive UWB On-Body Antennas

“…Smooth design of transceivers requires deep knowledge of the channel characteristics and propagation within the tissues. Thus, there are several WBAN channel models and propagation studies presented in the literature for wearable and implant communication systems in the human abdomen area [5], [6], [8]- [18]. Furthermore, the research in antenna design, both for capsule antennas as well as for on-body receiver antennas, has been active recently [19]- [28].…”

Implantable Wireless Transmission Rectenna System for Biomedical Wireless Applications

“…Fang et al propose a system working at Ultra High Band (UHB, 3.1-5.1GHz). However, at this frequency region, losses could be very high even with a small implantation depth (-42dB at 18mm) [14]. Recent wireless power transfer rectenna systems have been investigated at 2.45GHz or various other frequencies in the GHz range but with a total footprint larger than 5cm².…”