Experimental Induction of Bradyzoite-Specific Antigen Expression and Cyst Formation by the RH Strain of Toxoplasma gondii in Vitro

Soête, Martine; Camus, Daniel; Dubremetz, J. F.

doi:10.1006/expr.1994.1039

Cited by 258 publications

(247 citation statements)

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“…1B). This is analogous to observations on the development of T. gondii bradyzoites, where stress conditions such as pH 8.1, heat, or nitric oxide induce bradyzoite development and cyst formation [12][13][14][23][24][25].…”

Section: Immunogold Electron Microscopysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In T. gondii, stress conditions have been associated with the induction of bradyzoite development. It was found that temperature stress (43°C [24]), pH stress (pH 6.8 or 8.2 [13,24]) or chemical stress (sodium arsenite [24]) resulted in an increase in bradyzoite antigen expression by T. gondii in culture, and an increase in the observed number of cyst-like structures. In murine macrophage lines derived from bone marrow, interferon-γ increased bradyzoite antigen expression, which appeared to be related to nitric oxide (NO) induction [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in vitro development of Neospora caninum bradyzoites

Weiss

Fen

Halonen

et al. 1999

International Journal for Parasitology

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Neospora caninum is a recently identified apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is closely related to Toxoplasma gondii. Neospora caninum is of significant economic importance as it causes neurological disease and abortion in numerous animals. Antibodies to BAG1/hsp30 (also known as BAG5), a T. gondii bradyzoite-specific protein, have been demonstrated to react with N. caninum tissue cysts in vivo. Bradyzoite differentiation of N. caninum in vitro was investigated using culture conditions previously utilised for T. gondii in vitro bradyzoite development. Utilising the NC-Liverpool isolate of N. caninum, cyst-like structures developed within 3-4 days of culture of this parasite in human fibroblasts. In addition, an antigen reacting with mAb 74.1.8 (anti-BAG1) and rabbit anti-recombinant BAG1 was demonstrable by immunofluorescence, fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and immunoblot analyses. Expression of this antigen was increased by stress conditions, similar to that which has been described for T. gondii bradyzoite induction. Cyst-wall formation in vitro, as assayed by lectin binding, did not occur as readily for N. caninum as it does for T. gondii.

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Section: Immunogold Electron Microscopysupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro development of Neospora caninum bradyzoites

Weiss

Fen

Halonen

et al. 1999

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…there are more bradyzoites under these conditions than would be expected from a simple inhibition of tachyzoite replication (Bohne et al, 1999;Weiss and Kim, 2000;Lyons et al, 2002). Temperature stress (43 °C (Soete et al, 1994)), pH stress (pH 6.8 or 8.2 (Soete et al, 1994;Weiss et al, 1995)) or chemical stress (sodium arsenite, nitric oxide, sodium nitroprusside (Bohne et al, 1993;Soete et al, 1994;Weiss et al, 1995;Soete and Dubremetz, 1996)) result in an increase in bradyzoite antigen expression and the development of cyst-like structures of T. gondii in vitro. In bone marrow derived murine macrophage lines, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) increased bradyzoite antigen expression and this appeared to be related to nitric oxide (NO) production (Bohne et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat exposure, chemical agents (sodium arsenite), mitochondrial inhibition (2,4 dinitrophenol, sodium azide and other uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation), transition series metals, hydrogen peroxide and anaerobic conditions are all associated with the induction of heat shock proteins (Morimot et al, 1994). Many of these agents are associated with bradyzoite induction in vitro (Soete et al, 1994;Tomavo and Boothroyd, 1995). In addition to affecting gene expression, heat shock can also change cellular metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterisation of a regulatory region in the Toxoplasma gondii hsp70 genomic locus

Fen

Zhang

Kim

et al. 2004

International Journal for Parasitology

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Toxoplasma gondii is an important human and veterinary pathogen. The induction of bradyzoite development in vitro has been linked to temperature, pH, mitochondrial inhibitors, sodium arsenite and many of the other stressors associated with heat shock protein induction. Heat shock or stress induced activation of a set of heat shock protein genes, is characteristic of almost all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Studies in other organisms indicate that heat shock proteins are developmentally regulated. We have established that increases in the expression of bag1/hsp30 and hsp70 are associated with bradyzoite development. The T. gondii hsp70 gene locus was cloned and sequenced. The regulatory regions of this gene were analysed by deletion analysis using β-galactosidase expression vectors transiently transfected into RH strain T. gondii. Expression was measured at pH 7.1 and 8.1 (i.e. pH shock) and compared to the expression obtained with similar constructs using BAG1 and SAG1 promoters. A pH-regulated region of the Tg-hsp70 gene locus was identified which has some similarities to heat shock elements described in other eukaryotic systems. Green fluorescent protein expression vectors driven by the Tg-hsp70 regulatory region were constructed and stably transfected into T. gondii. Expression of green fluorescent protein in these parasites was induced by pH shock in those lines carrying the Tghsp70 regulatory constructs. Gel shift analysis was carried out using oligomers corresponding to the pH-regulated region and a putative DNA binding protein was identified. These data support the identification of a pH responsive cis-regulatory element in the T. gondii hsp70 gene locus. A model of the interaction of hsp70 and small heat shock proteins (e.g. BAG1) in development is presented.

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“…The tachyzoite-bradyzoite conversion models in vitro can be achieved using various stress conditions that mimic immunederived stressors, like high pH, IFN-c, TNF-a, nitric oxide, high temperature, nutrient starvation, or by some drugs used to treat T. gondii infections (Bohne et al, 1993;Soete et al, 1994;Lindsay et al, 1998;Fox et al, 2004). Stress-induced elevation of cyclic nucleotides may play an important role in the conversion of T. gondii tachyzoites to bradyzoites (Kirkman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Concomitant Status Between the Host Cell And T Gondii Appeamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Competence, Compromise, and Concomitance—Reaction of the Host Cell To Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Development

Peng¹,

Chen²,

Lindsay³

2011

Journal of Parasitology

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Experimental Induction of Bradyzoite-Specific Antigen Expression and Cyst Formation by the RH Strain of Toxoplasma gondii in Vitro

Cited by 258 publications

References 0 publications

The in vitro development of Neospora caninum bradyzoites

The in vitro development of Neospora caninum bradyzoites

Identification and characterisation of a regulatory region in the Toxoplasma gondii hsp70 genomic locus

A Review: Competence, Compromise, and Concomitance—Reaction of the Host Cell To Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Development

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