Experimental Infection of Bovine Mammary Gland with Prototheca zopfii Genotype 1

Ito, Takaaki; Kano, Rui; Sobukawa, Hideto; Ogawa, Jin; Honda, Yayoi; Hosoi, Yoshihiro; Shibuya, Hisashi; Sato, Tsuneo; Hasegawa, Atsuhiko; Kamata, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0242

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Yet, finding of 13 (30.9%) milk samples positive for P. zopfii gen. 1 in a study by Bozzo et al (Bozzo et al, 2014) may not convincingly be explained only as the effect of environmental contamination. The pathogenic potential of P. zopfii gen. 1 cannot be excluded since this genotype produced subclinical infection of bovine mammary gland, upon experimental infection (Ito et al, 2011). As for the Prototheca in other than milk samples, the algae occurred most abundantly in faecal samples, which together with rectal swabs accounted for more than a half (59.3%) of all Prototheca isolates from cows (except those from milk).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noteworthy, of the two genotypes, into which P. zopfii is divided (Roesler et al, 2006), only genotype 2 has been isolated from the affected animals (Moller et al, 2007;Aouay et al, 2008;Marques et al, 2008;Osumi et al, 2008;Ricchi et al, 2010Ricchi et al, , 2013Jagielski et al, 2011;Gao et al, 2012;Sobukawa et al, 2012;Bozzo et al, 2014;Shahid et al, 2016). Prototheca zopfii genotype 1 has produced subclinical mastitis in a cow, only following an experimental challenge (Ito et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Prototheca spp. on dairy farms in Poland – a cross‐country study

Jagielski

Krukowski

Bochniarz

et al. 2019

Microbial Biotechnology

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Summary The Prototheca algae have recently emerged as an important cause of bovine mastitis globally. Here, we present results of a first large‐scale, cross‐country survey on the prevalence of Prototheca spp. in dairy cows, and their environment in Poland. A total of 1211 samples were collected and microbiologically analysed. Included within this number were milk ( n = 638), body swabs ( n = 374) and environmental samples ( n = 199), originating from 400 dairy cows and their surroundings, on 16 dairy farms, based in all major provinces of the country. Prototheca spp. were the third, after Streptococcus and Staphylococcus spp., most common mastitis pathogens. The overall prevalence of protothecal mastitis was 8.3% (33/400), with the majority (75.8%) of cases having a subclinical course, and all but one attributable to P. zopfii genotype 2. Prototheca spp. were cultured from body swabs of both healthy and mastitic cows, yet the isolation rate among the latter was conspicuously lower (12.3% vs. 17.8%). Forty‐two (21.2%) environmental samples yielded growth of Prototheca spp. However, no clear association between Prototheca mastitis in dairy cows and the algal isolation from the herd environment was found. Nor was there any association between the environmental recovery of the algae and farm management practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Prototheca spp. on dairy farms in Poland – a cross‐country study

Jagielski

Krukowski

Bochniarz

et al. 2019

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…nov., has been identified [4]. Among the species, P. zopfii, P. blaschkeae, P. wickerhamii and P. cutis have been shown to produce infections in cattle and dogs, and they can also act as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised humans [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Interestingly, P. zophii includes two genotypes, 1 and 2, and only genotype 2 has been associated with infection [3,8,9,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry database for rapid identification of infectious achlorophyllous green micro-algae of the genus Prototheca

Murugaiyan¹,

Ahrholdt²,

Kowbel

et al. 2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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The possibility of using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid identification of pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of the genus Prototheca has been recently demonstrated. A unique reference database of MALDI-TOF MS profiles for type and reference strains of the six generally accepted Prototheca species was established. The database quality was reinforced after the acquisition of 27 spectra for selected Prototheca strains, with three biological and technical replicates for each of 18 type and reference strains of Prototheca and four strains of Chlorella. This provides reproducible and unique spectra covering a wide m/z range (2000-20 000 Da) for each of the strains used in the present study. The reproducibility of the spectra was further confirmed by employing composite correlation index calculation and main spectra library (MSP) dendrogram creation, available with MALDI Biotyper software. The MSP dendrograms obtained were comparable with the 18S rDNA sequence-based dendrograms. These reference spectra were successfully added to the Bruker database, and the efficiency of identification was evaluated by cross-reference-based and unknown Prototheca identification. It is proposed that the addition of further strains would reinforce the reference spectra library for rapid identification of Prototheca strains to the genus and species/genotype level.

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“…Interestingly, it is genotype 2 that has been isolated from cows suffering from bovine mastitis while genotype 1 remains nonpathogenic and is also abundantly present in cow‐barn surroundings . Experimental infection of cows with P. zopfii genotype 2 resulted in severe clinical symptoms of mastitis, whereas cows infected with P. zopffi genotype 1 displayed no clinical signs . Additionally, the phylogenetics and phyloproteomics analyses also revealed difference among the genotypes .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional proteome reference map of Prototheca zopfii revealed reduced metabolism and enhanced signal transduction as adaptation to an infectious life style

Murugaiyan¹,

Weise

Bergen

et al. 2013

Proteomics

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Biochemical, serological, and genetic analyses have identified two genotypes of Prototheca zopfii, a unicellular microalga belonging to the family Chlorellaceae. The P. zopfii genotype 1, abundantly present in cow barns and environment, remains nonpathogenic, while P. zopfii genotype 2 has been isolated from cows with bovine mastitis. The present study was carried out to identify the protein expression level difference between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of P. zopfii. A total of 782 protein spots were observed on the 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) gels among which 63 and 44 proteins were identified to be overexpressed in genotypes 1 and 2, respectively. The limited number of protein entries specific for Prototheca in public repositories resulted mainly in the identification of proteins described in other algae, microorganisms, or plants. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated reduced carbohydrate metabolism in genotype 1, while genotype 2 displayed enhanced DNA binding, kinase activity, and signal transduction. These effects point to metabolic and signaling adaptations in the pathogenic strain and provide insights into the evolution of otherwise highly similar strains. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000126.

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Experimental Infection of Bovine Mammary Gland with Prototheca zopfii Genotype 1

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence of Prototheca spp. on dairy farms in Poland – a cross‐country study

Prevalence of Prototheca spp. on dairy farms in Poland – a cross‐country study

Establishment of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry database for rapid identification of infectious achlorophyllous green micro-algae of the genus Prototheca

Two-dimensional proteome reference map of Prototheca zopfii revealed reduced metabolism and enhanced signal transduction as adaptation to an infectious life style

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