Experimental investigation and modeling of liquid–liquid equilibria in two systems of concern in biodiesel production

Rostami, Masoume; Raeissi, Sona; Ranjbaran, Mohammad; Mahmoodi, Maziyar; Nowroozi, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2013.05.015

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The catalyst used was KOH (85%, supplied by BDH (British Drug House)). This reaction was carried out based on the international standard method of ISO 5509/1978 (E) for biodiesel preparation . The produced biodiesels were washed four times with water and then dried in an oven at 333.2 K to remove the water and any remaining methanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Systems of Palm and Soya Biodiesels: Experimental and Modeling

Rostami

Raeissi

Mahmoudi

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Liquid−liquid phase equilibria of two systems of concern in the biodiesel production process are determined experimentally. The first system is the binary mixture of water + biodiesel within a temperature range of 297.2 to 333.2 K, in order to determine water solubilities in two biodiesels prepared from palm and soya oil. The experimental results showed that water solubilities were limited to values below 0.05 mol % and that the solubility increased with increasing temperature and biodiesel unsaturation. Next, the phase diagrams of ternary mixtures of glycerol + methanol + mentioned biodiesels were determined at three temperatures (293.2, 303.2, and 313.2 K). The reliability of the experimental data of tie lines was ascertained using the Othmer-Tobias relation. The UNIQUAC model was then used to model both the binary and ternary experimental data. Results showed the suitability of this model in correlating the phase behavior of such systems. ■ INTRODUCTIONThe production of alternative fuels from renewable sources is becoming attractive because of the high prices of fossil fuels, the decline of fuel reserves, and the concern about the environment. 1 Nowadays, biodiesel is receiving increasing attention as a renewable fuel, because of particular advantages over petrodiesel: In contrast to diesel fuel, biodiesel contains longchain alkyl esters with oxygen in their structures, which results in more complete burning. In addition, it has a higher flash point compared to petrodiesel. Therefore, this fuel is less flammable and more safe. In addition, its cetane number is higher than that of petrodiesel because the fatty acid methyl esters used as biodiesels contain long-chain compounds similar to long-chain alkanes such as hexadecane, which make for a higher-quality diesel. 2 There are four basic methods for biodiesel production from oils and fats: base-catalyzed transesterification, direct acidcatalyzed transesterification, conversion of the oil into its fatty acids and then into biodiesel, and noncatalytic transesterification of oils and fats such as the BIOX process or the supercritical alcohol process. 3 In the base-catalyzed transesterification method, biodiesel is obtained via a transesterification reaction of triglycerides from oils and fats with an excess of alcohol, and using a catalyst to accelerate the reaction. The reaction product is composed of fatty acid methyl esters and glycerol as a byproduct. After biodiesel production, some steps are carried out for the separation and purification of the desired product. This includes respectively, the separation of the biodiesel phase from the glycerol phase, recycling the unreacted alcohol, water-washing, and drying.Therefore, accurate information on the phase equilibria of the components involved in biodiesel production, and the ability to predict equilibria where information is not available, is necessary in order to determine optimum operating conditions for the separation and purification units of biodiesel production. Some studies have been carried out in this ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Systems of Palm and Soya Biodiesels: Experimental and Modeling

Rostami

Raeissi

Mahmoudi

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Methyl linoleate is the most abundant ester, representing 53.46% of the biodiesel. According to the chromatographic profile and applying Equations (2) and (3), it was obtained 291.69 kg kmol 21 as the molecular mass of biodiesel and 100.13 3 10 23 kg as its theoretical mass. Applying these values to Equation (4), it was possible to determine the conversion rate in biodiesel, 84.94%, which corresponds to process efficiency.…”

Section: Conversion Rate In Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors are grateful to CAPES and the PPGEQ/DEQ/ UFRN for their financial support. Mean molecular mass of the oil CR Conversion rate w 33 Mass fraction of glycerin in the glycerin-rich phase w 11 Mass fraction of biodiesel in the biodiesel-rich phase w 21 Mass fraction of methanol in the biodieselrich phase w 23 Mass fraction of methanol in the glycerin-rich phase m i ð Þ k Number of type k subgroups in a species i R K UNIFAC parameters referring to the relative volume of the subgroups Q K UNIFAC parameters referring to the relative surface area of the subgroups LITERATURE CITED…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melon seed oil utilization for biodiesel production and analysis of liquid–liquid equilibrium for the system biodiesel + methanol + glycerin

Sena

Pereira

2016

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In the present study, seeds from yellow melon (Cucumis melo l.), considered an industrial and domestic waste, were used as an oleaginous source to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction in methanol and due to the importance and the lack of data, a study of phase equilibrium of the system biodiesel + methanol + glycerin was also conducted. The mean molecular mass the theoretical mass of biodiesel, and the conversion rate of the reaction were calculated. For the liquid–liquid study, Othmer‐Tobias and Hand correlations were applied to evaluate the data reliability of the tie‐lines and the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to predict the phase equilibrium. The results showed that oil from melon seeds could be a new alternative for the production of biodiesel, with a conversion rate close to 85%. The equilibrium data showed that the biodiesel obtained from melon seeds oil presented advantage in the production process, since the biodiesel is easily separated from the methanol and glycerol in the separation step, avoiding additional costs with steps of purification. Among the models evaluated, better agreement in the results was observed when NRTL was used (s.d. = 1.25%), followed by UNIQUAC model (s.d. 2.70%). © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 325–332, 2017

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“…To produce the samples, the international standard method of ISO 5501978 (E) for biodiesel preparation was used. 21 After production, The methyl ester content of produced biodiesels was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) using a Varian gas chromatograph system equipped with a flam ionization detector (T detector = 523.15 K), automated split injector (T injector = 513.15 K), and the split ratio considered as 100:1. The temperature program applied to the column was the following: an initial temperature of 323.15 K was held for 1 min and then raised to 453 K at 15 K/min, 503.15 K at 7 K/min, and finally to 613.15 K at 30 K/min with a total analytical run time equal to 20 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel samples used in the present study were produced in the laboratory via the transesterification reaction of both oils, and KOH (99%, Merck) was used as the catalyst. To produce the samples, the international standard method of ISO 5501978 (E) for biodiesel preparation was used …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approach for Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Biodiesel (Canola and Sunflower) + Glycerol + Methanol

Hakim

Najafabadi

Pazuki

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, a novel experimental approach was used to overcome the lack of phase equilibrium information to obtain data that is more applicable to industrial situations. Liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) data, tie-lines, and phase boundaries were carried out for two systems of canola oil methyl esters (containing 1 wt % KOH) + glycerol + methanol and sunflower oil methyl esters (containing 1 wt % KOH) + glycerol + methanol at three different temperatures (303.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K). The quality of data was also ascertained using Othmer−Tobias correlations. The experimental LLE data was also correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and the Wilson−NRF Gibbs free energy models. The energy interaction parameters of both models were obtained for both systems. The results indicated that the Wilson−NRF provided an accurate correlation of LLE behavior with average absolute deviation (AAD%) inferior to 8.78% and 10.80% for canola and sunflower biodiesel systems, respectively. However, the NRTL model presented a more accurate correlation of LLE behavior of both studied systems with AAD% inferior to 6.26% and 7.43% for canola and sunflower biodiesel systems, respectively.

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Experimental investigation and modeling of liquid–liquid equilibria in two systems of concern in biodiesel production

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Systems of Palm and Soya Biodiesels: Experimental and Modeling

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Systems of Palm and Soya Biodiesels: Experimental and Modeling

Melon seed oil utilization for biodiesel production and analysis of liquid–liquid equilibrium for the system biodiesel + methanol + glycerin

Novel Approach for Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Biodiesel (Canola and Sunflower) + Glycerol + Methanol

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