Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of a furnished office fire

Chen, Chien Jung; Hsieh, W. D.; Hu, Wei Chieh; Lai, Chi Ming; Lin, Ta Hui

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.06.003

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a real fire, the heating rate can be up to 20 ˚C /min 21,30 . Moreover, when a fire rescue is conducted, the cooling rate could be very high as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic modulus evolution of rocks under heating–cooling cycles

Liu

Zhang

Luo

2020

Sci Rep

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Rocks decay significantly during or after heating-cooling cycles, which can in turn lead to hazards such as landslide and stone building collapse. nevertheless, the deterioration mechanisms are unclear. this paper presents a simple and reliable method to explore the mechanical property evolutions of representative sandstones during heating-cooling cycles. It was found that rock decay takes place in both heating and cooling processes, and dramatic modulus changes occurred near the α − β phase transition temperature of quartz. Our analysis also revealed that the rock decay is mainly attributed to the internal cracking. the underlying mechanism is the heterogeneous thermal deformation of mineral grains and the α-β phase transition of quartz. The mechanical properties of rocks are significantly affected by heating-cooling cycles 1-7 , which in turn can dramatically increase the risk of landslide 8 , rockfall 2 and stone building collapse 9 during or after fire-related accidents. This has been evidenced by many landslide events after the extreme 2003 wildfire in the southern interior of British Columbia (Canada) 10 , and by the fire-induced loss of about one historic stone building in the European Union each day 11. Revealing rock deterioration mechanisms has become critical for developing fire rescue scheme and for establishing criteria of post-fire hazard assessment. Furthermore, deep understanding of the rock deterioration mechanisms is the key to conducting thermally assisted excavation/drilling in mining engineering 12 , to the extraction of geothermal energy 13 , and to evaluating the geological conditions in geosciences 2,14. Some studies on the property changes of heat-treated rocks have been reported, mainly focusing on the density, porosity, permeability, compressional wave velocity, strength and modulus 4-6,15-18. The types of rocks studied include sandstones 4-6,19 , granite 15-17 , Marble 6 and limestone 6,18. It was found that when the heat treatment temperature T ht is below 250 °C, the physical and mechanical property changes are very small 4-6,15-18. However, if T ht is greater than 250 °C, significant rock deterioration can occur and new cracks and pores can be observed in post-heat treatment rocks 4-6,15-18. It was suggested that the α − β phase transformation of quartz would have contributed to the deterioration of quartz-rich rocks 20,21. In these studies, however, most of the property and structure characterizations were conducted either before or after a heat treatment. Quantitative characterization of the deterioration process and the effects of thermal expansion/shrinkage and the α-β transition of quartz are not available. It is unclear how an individual factor influences the mechanical properties of a rock-the key knowledge-base for developing fire rescue schemes and for establishing reliable criteria of post-fire hazard assessment. Young's modulus is an important mechanical property measure of rocks, and has been widely used in rock engineering design 3. The Young's modulus of a rock can dec...

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“…In a real fire, the heating rate can be up to 20 ˚C /min 21,30 . Moreover, when a fire rescue is conducted, the cooling rate could be very high as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic modulus evolution of rocks under heating–cooling cycles

Liu

Zhang

Luo

2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, the simulated total consumption of oxygen is less than that in the practical combustion, resulting in a higher concentration during the simulated burning state. Similarly, Chien Jung also found that FDS could not simulate the oxygen concentration well during combustion, and the simulated oxygen concentration was less than the measured data in their study [27].…”

Section: Oxygen Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Numerical simulation of wood crib fire behavior in a confined space using cone calorimeter data

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The simulation of wood crib fire behavior in a confined space with fire dynamics simulator (FDS) was presented in this paper, including the heat release rate, flame temperature, central temperature of crib, and oxygen concentration. In the simulation, the cone calorimeter data, such as ignition temperature and heat release rate of wood material measured from cone calorimeter test, were inputted into FDS. Simulations were compared with the results of practical wood crib burning experiments. The simulation results shown that the inputted heat release rate data from cone calorimeter tests obtained with different external heat flux (35-50 kW m -2 ) had little influence on the simulation results. The heat release rates were in good agreement with the experimental measurement with the biggest difference of 13.9 % in peak value. FDS underestimated the flame temperatures at lower positions about 10 % during the steady state, and the difference between simulation and experiment in flame temperature decreased as the height of measurement position increased. Although there was a big difference in decay phrase, the temperatures in the middle of wood crib were successfully simulated for the overlapped curves during (I) Fast growth stage and (II) Moderate growth stage of burning. The oxygen concentrations were overestimated because the oxygen concentrations measured at the height of 1.8 m in the space were higher than the experimental data with an average difference of 15.5 %. On the whole, an effective way was provided with reasonable results to study the burning characteristics of wood crib fire with numerical simulation.

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“…• Field -Calculates the fire environment by solving conservation equations, usually using finiteelement mathematics 9,14,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] ;…”

Section: Selection/application Of Computer Fire Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Fire Modeling and the Law: Application to Forensic Fire Engineering Investigations

Icove

May²

2021

JotNAFE

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Computer fire modeling can be a two-edged tool in forensic fire engineering investigations. Professional standards of care recommend that fire modeling’s primary use is in examining multiple hypotheses for a fire as opposed to determining its origin. This paper covers the current acceptable benefits of computer fire models, historical and pending legal case law, and methods to use modeling results within expert reports and testimony. Particular issues reviewed are the use of animations versus simulations, evidentiary guidelines, and authentication using verification and validation studies.

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Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of a furnished office fire

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Elastic modulus evolution of rocks under heating–cooling cycles

Elastic modulus evolution of rocks under heating–cooling cycles

Numerical simulation of wood crib fire behavior in a confined space using cone calorimeter data

Computer Fire Modeling and the Law: Application to Forensic Fire Engineering Investigations

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