Abstract:In this study, process parameters and mechanical properties of the multi-scale composite were investigated experimentally and predictably. Multi-scale material includes boron carbide particles and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the epoxy-based matrix. Both reinforcements were reinforced into the matrix with various rates simultaneously. Average three tensile strength and hardness values were determined. The tensile strength and hardness were enhanced thanks to high rate of B4C usage up to 54.09% and… Show more
“…This contrasts with the parallel alignment of CF in big scale extrusion process. 38 This anomaly can be attributed to the smaller extrusion pressure.Figure 5.(a) SEM image of ABS/CF tensile fracture surface (b) Histogram of CF aspect ratio.…”
Section: Micromechanical Modeling Of Nanocompositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This contrasts with the parallel alignment of CF in big scale extrusion process. 38 This anomaly can be attributed to the smaller extrusion pressure. Unlike ABS/Fe3O4, no clustering phenomenon were observed with CF.…”
Section: Determination Of Distribution Functions Of Short Carbon Fibe...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3,10 Incorporating multiple reinforcements into the polymer (hybrid PNC’s) can significantly improve the mechanical behavior. 37,38 Liu et al 39 presented a novel hybrid numerical-analytical methodology for analyzing the hybrid PNC’s. Other than this, studies on reinforcements of varying size scales, nano- and micro- are very limited.…”
Reinforcement of polymers with multiple inclusions of varying length scales and morphologies enable enhancement and tailorability of thermo-mechanical properties in resulting polymers. Computational material models can eliminate the trial-and-error approach of developing these hybrid reinforced polymers, enable prediction of interphase properties, and allow virtual exploration of design space. In this work, computational models, specifically representative volume elements were developed for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer reinforced with nanoscale iron oxide particles and micro-scale short carbon fibers. These representative volume elements were used to predict the tensile modulus of resulting polymer nanocomposite with varying particle concentrations, orientations, interphases, and clustering to realistically replicate the actual material as observed in optical and electron microscopy. The interphase elastic modulus was obtained through established analytical formulations and incorporated into the representative volume elements by defining an interphase region around the reinforcements. The tensile modulus estimated using representative volume elements agreed well with the experiments, evidently showing that the effective tensile modulus of the polymer nanocomposite increased with increase in interphase thickness, aspect ratio, and particle content. Clustering was only observed in Fe3O4 nanoparticles but its size did not have any effect on the effective tensile modulus. The developed computational modeling framework and the resultant prediction of tensile modulus offers a design path which can be extended to other polymer nanocomposites containing multiple inclusions.
“…This contrasts with the parallel alignment of CF in big scale extrusion process. 38 This anomaly can be attributed to the smaller extrusion pressure.Figure 5.(a) SEM image of ABS/CF tensile fracture surface (b) Histogram of CF aspect ratio.…”
Section: Micromechanical Modeling Of Nanocompositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This contrasts with the parallel alignment of CF in big scale extrusion process. 38 This anomaly can be attributed to the smaller extrusion pressure. Unlike ABS/Fe3O4, no clustering phenomenon were observed with CF.…”
Section: Determination Of Distribution Functions Of Short Carbon Fibe...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3,10 Incorporating multiple reinforcements into the polymer (hybrid PNC’s) can significantly improve the mechanical behavior. 37,38 Liu et al 39 presented a novel hybrid numerical-analytical methodology for analyzing the hybrid PNC’s. Other than this, studies on reinforcements of varying size scales, nano- and micro- are very limited.…”
Reinforcement of polymers with multiple inclusions of varying length scales and morphologies enable enhancement and tailorability of thermo-mechanical properties in resulting polymers. Computational material models can eliminate the trial-and-error approach of developing these hybrid reinforced polymers, enable prediction of interphase properties, and allow virtual exploration of design space. In this work, computational models, specifically representative volume elements were developed for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer reinforced with nanoscale iron oxide particles and micro-scale short carbon fibers. These representative volume elements were used to predict the tensile modulus of resulting polymer nanocomposite with varying particle concentrations, orientations, interphases, and clustering to realistically replicate the actual material as observed in optical and electron microscopy. The interphase elastic modulus was obtained through established analytical formulations and incorporated into the representative volume elements by defining an interphase region around the reinforcements. The tensile modulus estimated using representative volume elements agreed well with the experiments, evidently showing that the effective tensile modulus of the polymer nanocomposite increased with increase in interphase thickness, aspect ratio, and particle content. Clustering was only observed in Fe3O4 nanoparticles but its size did not have any effect on the effective tensile modulus. The developed computational modeling framework and the resultant prediction of tensile modulus offers a design path which can be extended to other polymer nanocomposites containing multiple inclusions.
“…Design of experiments (DOE) is an efficient statistical methodology that estimates multiple process parameters simultaneously by using a minimum number of experiments. 23 One of the noticeable statistical techniques based on design of experiments is the Taguchi method. 24,25 Taguchi method emphasizes on the lowest deviations of results from specific amount.…”
Section: Design Of Experiments and Sample Preparationmentioning
The attenuation of electromagnetic (EM) energy with polymeric nanocomposite foams is significant because the microwave energy is diminished by multiscattering of EM into microcellular structure. In this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite foams were fabricated via a chemical foaming in an injection‐molding process. It was demonstrated that the skin depth in foamed ABS/MWCNT specimens was fallen dramatically compared to their solid counterparts. The diminution of skin depth for foamed ABS/1 wt% of MWCNT nanocomposite was 21.7% compared to solid pure ABS. The reflectance of pure ABS was decreased by foaming but it was increased in foamed ABS/MWCNT nanocomposite. The absorption of microwave was improved by foaming and adding MWCNTs in ABS matrix. The utmost value of the experimental absorption shielding effectiveness (SEA. experimental), 14.26 dB, was found for the foamed ABS/1 wt% of MWCNT, holding pressure of 2 s and cooling time of 60 s F8, at 8.7 GHz. It was demonstrated that traveling path of EM wave was prolonged by the introduction of microcellular structure in ABS/MWCNT nanocomposite. Moreover, the contribution of MWCNT, holding pressure time, and cooling time to traveling path were achieved 76.7%, 8.5%, and 7.3%, respectively.Highlights
ABS/MWCNTs nanocomposite foams were fabricated by chemical foaming process.
Skin depth in foamed nanocomposite samples was fallen compared to solids.
Reflectance of pure ABS was decreased by foaming.
Absorption of microwave was improved by foaming and MWCNTs.
Traveling path of EM wave was prolonged by microcellular structure.
Owing to the outstanding properties of boron carbide (B4C) particles, material researchers have shown potential in filler‐reinforced polymer composites. The present work studied the implication of B4C fillers on the mechanical and ballistic properties of glass fiber epoxy reinforced composites. Two different weight percentages of 2 and 4 wt% B4C fillers were used to modify the epoxy resin. The composite samples with glass fabric woven were made through compression molding. The results show that the tensile, flexural, interlaminar, impact strength and hardness of glass fiber composite were improved by addition of 2 wt% of B4C. The high‐velocity ballistic tests were conducted on the unfilled and B4C filler‐reinforced composites using a 9 mm parabellum projectile with an initial striking of 372 ± 15 m/s. The least back face signature (BFS) and highest specific energy absorption (SEA) were observed for 2 wt% B4C filler composite. Adding B4C filler enhanced matrix toughening and interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Matrix cracking and fiber breakage result in the least ballistic resistance for unfilled composite. Fracture behavior was studied on tensile, impact, and ballistic‐tested samples using scanning electron microscopy. The fractured surfaces of filler‐reinforced composite demonstrated good interfacial bonding, matrix hardening, and fiber pullouts.Highlights
The addition of B4C with epoxy up to 2 wt% improves the mechanical and ballistic properties of the composites.
The least back face signature and highest specific energy absorption were observed for 2 wt% B4C filler composite.
B4C filler enhanced matrix toughening and interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix.
Failure of unfilled glass fiber composites is a combination of matrix cracking, fiber pullout, and interface debonding.
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