Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine

Abstract

Meeting the growing energy demand for sustainability and environmental friendly fuels is a continuous process. Several oxygenated fuels were tried and tested according to the availability depending upon the geographical locations to find a solution against rapidly depleting fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). In the present investigation, the viability of waste fry cooking oil converted into biodiesel fuel and its various physiocochemical properties was evaluated. In this regard, the performance and emission of a CI engine was compared using biodiesel fuel and mineral diesel fuel. Experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder agricultural CI engine with indirect injection, and biodiesel fuel was used with three different types of fry oils. The fry oil was classified as one-time fry, two-time fry, and three-time fry. Engine efficiency and tail pipe emission attributes were evaluated for the three different fuels. The different fuel blends used for the experiment were B60 and B80 and were tested at full load, at different engine speed (rpm). It was found that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing speed, whereas brake thermal efficiency reduced with increasing engine speed. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduces with increase in the engine speed because of a poor air–fuel ratio at high speed. CO2 emission is higher because of the higher density and heating value of the biodiesel fuel, which depends on the blending ratio and the frying time of the fuel. It was also encountered that NOx emission was higher for maximum test fuels except one-time fry waste cooking oil biodiesel at 60% blend, which showed lower NOx than diesel fuel. Smoke opacity in both the blends have a decreasing trend with increasing speed and are lower than pure diesel. The 1FWCOB (fry waste cooking oil biodiesel), 2FWCOB, and 3FWCOB fuel exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is reduced because of higher cetane number and lower heating value. Based on the result obtained, it was concluded that by increasing the frying time of the soya bean waste cooking biodiesel, the emission characteristics and engine performance were affected. The need for sustainable fuel is important, thus the use of waste fry cooking oil is a potential replacement for diesel.

Exploring the Environmental and Performance Implications of Utilizing Waste Swine Oil Biodiesel in CI Engines

“…The increase in CO2 emissions with higher percentages of biodiesel can be a ributed to the higher oxygen content in biodiesel. This leads to a more complete combustion of carbon into CO2 rather than partial combustion into CO. Additionally, the higher cetane number of biodiesel compared to diesel results in a more efficient combustion process, further contributing to increased CO2 emissions [31]. Mandal et al (2023) also report reductions in CO and HC emissions with biodiesel usage, and the resultant increase in CO2 emissions aligns with our findings [31].…”

Experimental Investigation of Engine Performance for 2nd Generation Biodiesel Derived from Mg2Zr5O12 Catalyst

“…This was due to higher temperatures inside the cylinder, as they assist in better combustion. The HC emissions followed the same trend as that of CO. ppm; for 3 kg of loading, the UHC emissions were 54, 50 45, 40, 39, 40, and 38 ppm; for 6 kg of loading, they were was 43, 42, 38, 31, 26, 30, and 28 ppm; for 9 kg loading, UHC emissions were 31, 28, 25, 19, 16, 18, and 17 ppm; and for 12 kg of loading, the emissions were 27,25,22,15,12,13, and 12 ppm for 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100% of biodiesel blends, respectively. The overall reduction in HC emission for 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100% WB was 5.88%, 14.93%, 29.41%, 38.1%, 35.29%, and 38.69%, respectively, as compared with diesel.…”

“…As there are many resources available for this waste-oil production, it can be easily available and will be cheaper; thus, the biodiesel production from WCO is more economical and environmentally sustainable. Mandal et al [15] reported biodiesel production from multiple fry soya bean oil for agricultural CI engine and observed that emission and engine performance were affected based on frying time. They also reported that the use of WCO is a potential replacement for diesel.…”

In silico analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory compounds obtained from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

“…Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a multifaceted nutritional and golden legume crop containing proteins, minerals, and other constituents ( Rajendran & Lal, 2020 ; Ramlal et al, 2022a ; Kumar et al, 2022 ; Mandal et al, 2022 ; Rajendran et al, 2022 ). Soybean has been widely associated with reducing BP and obesity.…”