“…Swirling flow is widely used for gas–liquid contacting in many engineering applications, including static mixers, combustors, and quench boxes. − High-shear and centrifugal forces provided by swirling flow lead to rapid contacting of fluids and regeneration of the interface between phases, , while strong swirl flow causes turbulent pressure fluctuations that lead to the breakup of fluid particles. Swirling flow devices have been applied in many engineering applications due to their obvious advantages of high contacting performance, a very low pressure drop, and relatively low cost. − Koichi Terasaka proposed a microbubble generator using spiral liquid flow, which has a compact size, portability, and a fast oxygen dissolution rate, and it was finally used in the wastewater treatment industry .…”