Experimental investigation of the effect of an external magnetic field on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Fe3O4–glycerol

Hajiyan, Mohammadhossein; Ebadi, Soroush; Mahmud, Shohel; Biglarbegian, Mohammad; Abdullah, Hussein A.

doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7531-1

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The predicted results from their model showed a good agreement with experimental results. Hajiyan et al [18] conducted an investigation on viscosity of magnetic nanofluids under external magnetic fields. They found that the viscosity of the magnetic nanofluid increased with increasing magnetic field and volume fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of various surfactants on stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluids

Wang

et al. 2020

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The effect of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the viscosity of a nanofluid is experimentally investigated from 278 to 313 K by changing the nanoparticle volume fraction. These nanoparticles were put into distilled water with various surfactants, i.e., Colace (docusate sodium), trisodium citrate dihydrate (TSC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), acacia senegal (GA), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium laurylsulfonate (SLS). Based on the present measurements, new empirical formulas are proposed for Fe 3 O 4-water, CNT-water and Fe 3 O 4-CNT-water nanofluids to provide accurate predictions for the nanofluid viscosity. Based on the viscosity testing, stabilities and thermal conductivities of Fe 3 O 4-TMAH, Fe 3 O 4-Colace, Fe 3 O 4-TSC, CNT-SDS, CNT-GA, Fe 3 O 4-CNT-SLS, and Fe 3 O 4-CNT-TSC nanofluids with a volume concentration of 0.5% are investigated in the present research. Results indicate that better stability, smaller viscosity, and higher thermal conductivity are obtained, when the surfactants TMAH, SDS, and SLS are added into the Fe 3 O 4-water, CNT-water, and the Fe 3 O 4-CNT-water nanofluid, respectively. The CNT-water and Fe 3 O 4-CNT-water nanofluids exhibit a shear-thinning behavior, whereas a linear rheological behavior can be observed by water-based Colace-Fe 3 O 4 , TMAH-Fe 3 O 4 , and TSC-Fe 3 O 4 nanofluids. Keywords Nanofluid • Thermal conductivity • Carbon nanotube • Viscosity • Surfactant List of symbols k Thermal conductivity (W m −1 K −1) T Temperature (K) U Uncertainty Greek symbols θ Surfactant ratio fraction μ Dynamic viscosity (Pa s) φ Nanoparticle volume fraction Subscripts f Base fluid nf Nanofluid

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of various surfactants on stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluids

Wang

et al. 2020

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Shahsavar et al [ 76 ] showed that exposing a magnetic HNF (Fe 3 O 4 -CNT/water) to increasing magnetic field intensity (0–480 mT) enhanced the TC in comparison to a no-magnetic field case. Hajiyan et al [ 103 ] also showed a TC improvement of 16.9% for Fe 3 O 4 /glycerol NF at φ = 3.0%, 40 °C and the magnetic field intensity of 543 G.…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Nanofluids and Hybrid-nanoflmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Owing to the engineering, processing and energy system advantages, the measured data of the TC of NF and HNF were fitted using various techniques (regression, the response surface method, artificial neural networks, vector support machines, etc.) to propose models for the prediction of this property [ 47 , 62 , 65 , 100 , 103 , 104 ]. Despite a large number of predictive models being developed, so far no model is either widely accepted by the researchers or capable of predicting well the TCs of a wide range of NF [ 8 , 9 , 105 ].…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Nanofluids and Hybrid-nanoflmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to NF, the viscosity of HNF enhanced with volume/mass concentration or fraction and detracted with temperature. Few studies have been published regarding the influence of magnetic field on NF and HNF and viscosity was observed to enhance as the magnetic field intensity increased [ 76 , 97 , 99 , 103 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]. Experimental data of viscosity of NF and HNF at various temperatures and volume/mass concentrations or fractions have been fitted into models for the estimation of viscosity [ 47 , 72 , 100 , 104 , 110 , 116 , 118 , 120 , 122 ].…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Nanofluids and Hybrid-nanoflmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Research and Development on the Natural Convection of Suspensions of Nanoparticles—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Suspensions of nanoparticles, widely known as nanofluids, are considered as advanced heat transfer media for thermal management and conversion systems. Research on their convective thermal transport is of paramount importance for their applications in such systems such as heat exchangers and solar collectors. This paper presents experimental research on the natural convection heat transfer performances of nanofluids in different geometries from thermal management and conversion perspectives. Experimental results and available experiment-derived correlations for the natural thermal convection of nanofluids are critically analyzed. Other features such as nanofluid preparation, stability evaluation and thermophysical properties of nanofluids that are important for this thermal transfer feature are also briefly reviewed and discussed. Additionally, techniques (active and passive) employed for enhancing the thermo-convection of nanofluids in different geometries are highlighted and discussed. Hybrid nanofluids are featured in this work as the newest class of nanofluids, with particular focuses on the thermophysical properties and natural convection heat transfer performance in enclosures. It is demonstrated that there has been a lack of accurate stability evaluation given the inconsistencies of available results on these properties and features of nanofluids. Although nanofluids exhibit enhanced thermophysical properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficients were observed to deteriorate in some cases when nanofluids were used, especially for nanoparticle concentrations of more than 0.1 vol.%. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature results, and the underlying mechanisms are also not yet well-understood despite their great importance for practical applications.

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“…Bioglycol-based Al 2 O 3 nanofluids were reported to yield higher TC compared with the use of conventional base fluids [ 51 ]. The deployment of a magnetic field to promote the TC of nanofluids has also been published [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Nanofluids: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

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Advancements in technology related to energy systems, such as heat exchangers, electronics, and batteries, are associated with the generation of high heat fluxes which requires appropriate thermal management. Presently, conventional thermal fluids have found limited application owing to low thermal conductivity (TC). The need for more efficient fluids has become apparent leading to the development of nanofluids as advanced thermal fluids. Nanofluid synthesis by suspending nano-size materials into conventional thermal fluids to improve thermal properties has been extensively studied. TC is a pivotal property to the utilization of nanofluids in various applications as it is strongly related to improved efficiency and thermal performance. Numerous studies have been conducted on the TC of nanofluids using diverse nanoparticles and base fluids. Different values of TC enhancement have been recorded which depend on various factors, such as nanoparticles size, shape and type, base fluid and surfactant type, temperature, etc. This paper attempts to conduct a state-of-the-art review of the TC enhancement of metal oxide nanofluids owing to the wide attention, chemical stability, low density, and oxidation resistance associated with this type of nanofluid. TC and TC enhancements of metal oxide nanofluids are presented and discussed herein. The influence of several parameters (temperature, volume/weight concentration, nano-size, sonication, shape, surfactants, base fluids, alignment, TC measurement techniques, and mixing ratio (for hybrid nanofluid)) on the TC of metal oil nanofluids have been reviewed. This paper serves as a frontier in the review of the effect of alignment, electric field, and green nanofluid on TC. In addition, the mechanisms/physics behind TC enhancement and techniques for TC measurement have been discussed. Results show that the TC enhancement of metal oxide nanofluids is affected by the aforementioned parameters with temperature and nanoparticle concentration contributing the most. TC of these nanofluids is observed to be actively enhanced using electric and magnetic fields with the former requiring more intense studies. The formulation of green nanofluids and base fluids as sustainable and future thermal fluids is recommended.

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Experimental investigation of the effect of an external magnetic field on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Fe3O4–glycerol

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

Effect of various surfactants on stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluids

Effect of various surfactants on stability and thermophysical properties of nanofluids

Experimental Research and Development on the Natural Convection of Suspensions of Nanoparticles—A Comprehensive Review

Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Nanofluids: A Critical Review

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