Experimental Investigation on Flexural Behaviour of Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Beam with a Smart Mortar Layer

Durairaj, Ramkumar; Thirumurugan, V.; Srinivasan, Satyanarayanan Kachabeswara; Ananthi, G. Beulah Gnana; Roy, Krishanu

doi:10.3390/jcs7040132

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Kim et al [104] reported a maximum sensing response of 2% for 10 mm thick MWCNT-based coatings within a stress range of 30% of flexural strength. Durairaj et al [103] obtained FCR values of between 10% and 15% for a strain range similar to the one investigated in this study by employing a 6 mm deep mortar layer with various combinations of brass and carbon fibre. Wen and Chung [101] obtained a maximum FCR amplitude of 0.15% on the tension side for a 5 mm thick coating with 0.5 wt% added carbon fibre for a beam deflection of about 0.09 mm.…”

Section: Electromechanical Testingsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…It was conjectured that greater strain transmission occurred in thinner coatings, thus leading to a greater gauge factor. Likewise, Durairaj et al [103] applied carbon fibre and brass fibre mortar coatings to concrete beams under flexural bending for damage detection while employing different coating attachment methods; although a dependency between the electrical properties and the applied load was evident, the strain-sensing sensitivity was not calculated. Moreover, Kim et al [104] investigated the sensing behaviour of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-cement repairs under bending, and while a change in electrical properties under a load was observed, the sensing coefficient of the repairs was not determined.…”

Section: Coating Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain Monitoring of Concrete Using Carbon Black-Based Smart Coatings

Milone,

Vlachakis,

Tulliani

et al. 2024

Materials

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Given the challenges we face of an ageing infrastructure and insufficient maintenance, there is a critical shift towards preventive and predictive maintenance in construction. Self-sensing cement-based materials have drawn interest in this sector due to their high monitoring performance and durability compared to electronic sensors. While bulk applications have been well-discussed within this field, several challenges exist in their implementation for practical applications, such as poor workability and high manufacturing costs at larger volumes. This paper discusses the development of smart carbon-based cementitious coatings for strain monitoring of concrete substrates under flexural loading. This work presents a physical, electrical, and electromechanical investigation of sensing coatings with varying carbon black (CB) concentrations along with the geometric optimisation of the sensor design. The optimal strain-sensing performance, 55.5 ± 2.7, was obtained for coatings with 2 wt% of conductive filler, 3 mm thickness, and a gauge length of 60 mm. The results demonstrate the potential of applying smart coatings with carbon black addition for concrete strain monitoring.

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Section: Electromechanical Testingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Coating Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Monitoring of Concrete Using Carbon Black-Based Smart Coatings

Milone,

Vlachakis,

Tulliani

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…It was found that the mechanical properties and durability of granite pulver self-curing selfcompacting concrete mixture can be improved through the optimal replacement of cement by granite pulver. Durairaj et al (2023) conducted an experimental study of the flexural behavior of sustainable reinforced cement concrete beams with a smart mortar layer attached to the concrete mixture. It was found that structural members can be coated with either carbon or brass fibers in thin mortar layers to detect damage to the member.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the calculation method of the maximum number of bonded steel plates at the bottom of reinforced concrete beams

Wang,

Yu,

Xiao

et al. 2024

IJSI

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Purpose When the reinforced concrete beams are reinforced by bonding steel plates to the bottom, excessive use of steel plates will make the reinforced concrete beams become super-reinforced beams, and there are security risks in the actual use of super-reinforced beams. In order to avoid the occurrence of this situation, the purpose of this paper is to study the calculation method of the maximum number of bonded steel plates to reinforce reinforced concrete beams.Design/methodology/approach First of all, when establishing the limit failure state of the reinforced member, this paper comprehensively considers the role of the tensile steel bar and steel plate and takes the load effect before reinforcement as the negative contribution of the maximum number of bonded steel plates that can be used for reinforcement. Through the definition of the equivalent tensile strength, equivalent elastic modulus and equivalent yield strain of the tensile steel bar and steel plate, a method to determine the relative limit compression zone height of the reinforced member is obtained. Second, based on the maximum ratio of (reinforcement + steel plate), the relative limit compression zone height and the equivalent tensile strength of the tensile steel bar and steel plate of the reinforced member, the calculation method of the maximum number of bonded steel plates is derived. Then, the static load test of the test beam is carried out and the corresponding numerical model is established, and the reliability of the numerical model is verified by comparison. Finally, the accuracy of the calculation method of the maximum number of bonded steel plates is proved by the numerical model.Findings The numerical simulation results show that when the steel plate width is 800 mm and the thickness is 1–4 mm, the reinforced concrete beam has a delayed yield platform when it reaches the limit state, and the failure mode conforms to the basic stress characteristics of the balanced-reinforced beam. When the steel plate thickness is 5–8 mm, the sudden failure occurs without obvious warning when the reinforced concrete beam reaches the limit state. The failure mode conforms to the basic mechanical characteristics of the super-reinforced beam failure, and the bending moment of the beam failure depends only on the compressive strength of the concrete. The results of the calculation and analysis show that the maximum number of bonded steel plates for reinforced concrete beams in this experiment is 3,487 mm2. When the width of the steel plate is 800 mm, the maximum thickness of the steel plate can be 4.36 mm. That is, when the thickness of the steel plate, the reinforced concrete beam is still the balanced-reinforced beam. When the thickness of the steel plate, the reinforced concrete beam will become a super-reinforced beam after reinforcement. The calculation results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, which proves the accuracy of the calculation method.Originality/value This paper presents a method for calculating the maximum number of steel plates attached to the bottom of reinforced concrete beams. First, based on the experimental research, the failure mode of reinforced concrete beams with different number of steel plates is simulated by the numerical model, and then the result of the calculation method is compared with the result of the numerical simulation to ensure the accuracy of the calculation method of the maximum number of bonded steel plates. And the study does not require a large number of experimental samples, which has a certain economy. The research result can be used to control the number of steel plates in similar reinforcement designs.

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“…The mechanical properties of concrete, such as tensile strength, compressive strength, exural strength, and modulus of elasticity, are essential metrics for evaluating its behaviour under various loads and environmental conditions [41], [42], [43], [44]. Tensile strength determines the concrete's capacity to resist tensile (stretching or pulling) forces, whereas compressive strength measures its ability to withstand compression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing sand concrete sustainability: transforming quarry waste into high-quality crushed sand for superior properties

Jaradat,

Shakarna,

Gadri

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This research explores the potential of reusing quarry waste into limestone sand for the eco-friendly production of sand concrete, addressing environmental sustainability. The investigation comprised the preparation of five concrete mixtures with differing limestone sand ratios: 0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. To evaluate the impact of limestone sand incorporation, we analysed physical and mechanical characteristics through tests such as density, compressive and flexural strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Dynamic elastic modulus, and microstructure examination. Findings indicate substantial enhancements in sand concrete properties due to the integration of limestone sand, with the 60% ratio emerging as the most productive. The study underscores limestone sand's capability to not only improve sand concrete quality but also offer a sustainable method for quarry waste recycling. It demonstrates the beneficial impact of limestone sand used in sand concrete and advocates for its application as a sustainable quarry waste recycling strategy across the construction industry's various sectors.

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Experimental Investigation on Flexural Behaviour of Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Beam with a Smart Mortar Layer

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Strain Monitoring of Concrete Using Carbon Black-Based Smart Coatings

Strain Monitoring of Concrete Using Carbon Black-Based Smart Coatings

Study on the calculation method of the maximum number of bonded steel plates at the bottom of reinforced concrete beams

Advancing sand concrete sustainability: transforming quarry waste into high-quality crushed sand for superior properties

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