Experimental investigation on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe

Rao, Zhonghao; Wang, Shuangfeng; Wu, Maochun; Lin, Zijian; Li, Fuhuo

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2012.08.014

Cited by 420 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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confidence: 99%

“…These include taking advantage of the latent heat of vaporization through the use of heat pipes, or using evaporative heat transfer fluids in direct contact with the cells. [15][16][17][18][19] Additionally, solid to liquid phase change materials have been investigated, some employing a slurry of small particles of emulsified paraffin, and some employing carbon sheets impregnated with a phase change material. [20][21][22] Degradation of lithium-ion batteries is very complicated, with various interdependent mechanisms contributing to both capacity loss (capacity fade) and increased resistance (power fade).…”

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Surface Cooling Causes Accelerated Degradation Compared to Tab Cooling for Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells

Hunt

Zhao

Patel

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

160

119

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One of the biggest causes of degradation in lithium-ion batteries is elevated temperature. In this study we explored the effects of cell surface cooling and cell tab cooling, reproducing two typical cooling systems that are used in real-world battery packs. For new cells using slow-rate standardized testing, very little difference in capacity was seen. However, at higher rates, discharging the cell in just 10 minutes, surface cooling led to a loss of useable capacity of 9.2% compared to 1.2% for cell tab cooling. After cycling the cells for 1,000 times, surface cooling resulted in a rate of loss of useable capacity under load three times higher than cell tab cooling. We show that this is due to thermal gradients being perpendicular to the layers for surface cooling leading to higher local currents and faster degradation, but in-plane with the layers for tab cooling leading to more homogenous behavior. Understanding how thermal management systems interact with the operation of batteries is therefore critical in extending their performance. For automotive applications where 80% capacity is considered end-of-life, using tab cooling rather than surface cooling would therefore be equivalent to extending the lifetime of a pack by 3 times, or reducing the lifetime cost by 66%. Due to their high energy and power densities, Lithium-ion batteries are a very important component of electric vehicles, and their use has increased dramatically in recent years as the uptake of hybrid and electric vehicles has increased.1-3 One of the major challenges of using lithium-ion batteries in hybrid and electric vehicles is thermal management, 4 which is important in order to manage degradation at an acceptable rate whilst maximizing the performance of the batteries and reducing the risk of thermal runaway. 5-7Many studies have shown that increased temperature leads to an increase in the rate of degradation, 4,[8][9][10][11] therefore the effectiveness of a thermal management system is vital in order to maximize the lifetime performance of the pack. The design of a good thermal management system for a battery pack should consider both the overall temperature of the pack and both intra-cell and internal thermal gradients. Poor design of thermal management systems could be a major contributing factor in increasing degradation rates to unacceptable levels. 12There are many different techniques that can be used to thermally manage batteries in hybrid and electric vehicles. It is possible to use either air or liquid as the cooling medium, and both of these can be used in either a direct (with cooling medium in contact with the cell) or indirect way. In addition to this, different areas of the cell can be cooled, namely the surfaces of the cell or the cell tabs. 13,14 In general, systems employing air as the cooling medium are considered to be simpler and cheaper to implement, although the performance is limited especially in applications where there is a high heat generation rate or if the batteries are being operated in a high ambient tempe...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Cooling Causes Accelerated Degradation Compared to Tab Cooling for Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells

Hunt

Zhao

Patel

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

160

119

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“…Para melhor aproveitamento das vantagens das baterias de lítio-ion torna-se necessário nos veículos elétricos um sistema de gerenciamento térmico capaz de manter a temperatura dentro das limitações ideais de projeto. [6] Neste trabalho serão apresentadas as tecnologias atualmente existentes no gerenciamento térmico da bateria, explicando de forma sucinta por meio de ilustrações o funcionamento de cada uma delas que permitirá a comparação desses sistemas através de uma tabela com parâmetros de referência, os mais eficazes para aplicação em veículos elétricos e híbridos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Gerenciamento térmico da bateria em veículos elétricos: o sistema líquido combinado

Bufalo¹,

Gonelli²,

Baumgartner³

2017

Blucher Engineering Proceedings

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RESUMOA principal fonte de energia para os veículos elétricos é a bateria Lítio-íon caracterizada por elevada densidade de potência, longa vida útil e possui menor impacto ambiental. No entanto, alguns fatores limitam o desenvolvimento da bateria, afetando especialmente desempenho, vida útil e segurança. Esses fatores em um veículo híbrido/elétrico são seguramente melhorados quando se dispõe de um sistema de gerenciamento térmico eficiente. Tal eficiência manifesta-se na capacidade de se manter o conjunto de baterias na faixa de temperatura ideal ao mesmo tempo em que não se demanda potência em excesso do sistema de alimentação que deveria abastecer o módulo de propulsão. Este trabalho apresenta o sistema líquido combinado onde o circuito refrigerante do ar-condicionado é derivado para um trocador adicional refrigerante-água denominado chiller, acoplado a uma segunda válvula de expansão que proporciona potencial de refrigeração para o circuito secundário (água) que por sua vez está conectado às placas de refrigeração do conjunto de baterias. Uma avaliação utilizando-se de critérios tais como maiores índices de performance, flexibilidade de utilização, segurança e eficiência energética indica os benefícios desta solução quando comparado a outros modelos. INTRODUÇÃOO uso de combustível fóssil continua sendo questionado em função de seu já conhecido impacto ambiental. Sob a ótica da mobilidade, os veículos elétricos (EV) e/ou híbridos (HEV e PHEV) colocam-se como alternativas para a redução dos gases do efeito estufa (GEE) [1]. A seriedade desta proposta pode ser avaliada nos objetivos estabelecidos até 2030 pelos órgãos internacionais, conforme projeções da figura 1. O EVI 2020 visa uma frota global de carros elétricos de 20 milhões até 2020 enquanto que a Declaração de Paris sobre a Mobilidade Elétrica e Mudanças Climáticas estabelece um objetivo de implantação global de 100 milhões de carros elétricos e 400 milhões de veículos de 2 ou 3 rodas em 2030. Além disso, dados da IEA 2DS (International Energy Agency 2 degree scenario) mostram que manter taxas de crescimento anual superiores a 25% até 2025 e na faixa de 7% a 10% entre 2030 e 2050, limitam em 2º C o aumento da temperatura global [2,4].

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“…Thus, it is necessary to conduct thermal management for battery cooling/pre-heating [87] with consideration of the number of cells, geometry and vehicle mass distribution [88]. It is generally wellknown that considering the different cooling media, the battery thermal management (BTM) approaches can be summarized as follows: air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pipes and PCM cooling [89][90][91][92][93][94]. Different BTM methods each have their limitations and merits [93].…”

Section: Battery Cooling/preheatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

et al. 2017

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Abstract:With the increasing demands for vehicle dynamic performance, economy, safety and comfort, and with ever stricter laws concerning energy conservation and emissions, vehicle power systems are becoming much more complex. To pursue high efficiency and light weight in automobile design, the power system and its vehicle integrated thermal management (VITM) system have attracted widespread attention as the major components of modern vehicle technology. Regarding the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), its integrated thermal management (ITM) mainly contains internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling, turbo-charged cooling, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooling, lubrication cooling and air conditioning (AC) or heat pump (HP). As for electric vehicles (EVs), the ITM mainly includes battery cooling/preheating, electric machines (EM) cooling and AC or HP. With the rational effective and comprehensive control over the mentioned dynamic devices and thermal components, the modern VITM can realize collaborative optimization of multiple thermodynamic processes from the aspect of system integration. Furthermore, the computer-aided calculation and numerical simulation have been the significant design methods, especially for complex VITM. The 1D programming can correlate multi-thermal components and the 3D simulating can develop structuralized and modularized design. Additionally, co-simulations can virtualize simulation of various thermo-hydraulic behaviors under the vehicle transient operational conditions. This article reviews relevant researching work and current advances in the ever broadening field of modern vehicle thermal management (VTM). Based on the systematic summaries of the design methods and applications of ITM, future tasks and proposals are presented. This article aims to promote innovation of ITM, strengthen the precise control and the performance predictable ability, furthermore, to enhance the level of research and development (R&D).

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Experimental investigation on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe

Cited by 420 publications

References 34 publications

Surface Cooling Causes Accelerated Degradation Compared to Tab Cooling for Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells

Surface Cooling Causes Accelerated Degradation Compared to Tab Cooling for Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells

Gerenciamento térmico da bateria em veículos elétricos: o sistema líquido combinado

Advances in Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management and Numerical Simulation

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