Experimental Investigations into the Mechanical, Tribological, and Corrosion Properties of Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composites Comprising Ceramic Reinforcement for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Hybrid polymer matrix composites (HPMC) are prominent material for the formation of biomaterial and offer various advantages such as low cost, high strength, and the fact that they are easy to manufacture. However, they are associated with low mechanical (low hardness) and tribological properties (high wear rate). The average hip joint load fluctuates between three to five times of the body weight during jumping and jogging and depends on various actions relating to body positions. Alternate bone and prosthesis material plays a critical role in attaining strength as it determines the method of load transferred to the system. The material property called modulus of elasticity is an important design variable during the selection of the geometry and design methodology. The present work is demonstrated on how to improve the properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) substantially by the addition of bioceramic fillers such as titanium oxide (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). The volume fractions of Al2O3 and TiO2 are limited to 20% and 10%, respectively. Samples were fabricated as per ASTM standards using an injection moulding machine and various properties such as mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact), tribological (hardness, wear), and corrosion including SEM, density, and fractography analysis studied. Experimental results revealed that an injection moulding process is suitable for producing defect-free mould HPMC. HPMC comprising 70% HDPE/20% Al2O3/10% TiO2 has proved biocompatible and a substitute for biomaterial. A substantial increase in the mechanical and tribological properties and full resistance to corrosion makes HPMC suitable for use in orthopaedic applications such as human bone replacement, bone fixation plates, hip joint replacement, bone cement, and bone graft in bone surgery.

A review of recent advances in tribology

“…In addition to the improvement of highly crossed linked UHMWPE, potentially high performance polymers and composites were also investigated, such as ultra-low-wear polyethylene [321], polyetheretherketone (PEEK) [322] and hydrogels [323], porous polycarbonate-urethane and UHMWPE blends [324], polycarbonate urethanes [325], and polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend hydrogels [326]. Other composites included hybrid polymer matrix composites reinforced with ceramics [327], Ti6Al4V cellular structures impregnated with PEEK [328]，and ceramic-metal composites [329]. New technologies such as 3D printing were also increasingly considered in joint tribology [324,330].…”

Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Sisal Fiber/Chitosan Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Sandwich Composite Scaffolds for Bone Fracture Fixation Applications

“…Few researchers have also studied the influence of filler materials on hybrid composites. Yunus and Alsoufi (2018) prepared high-density polyethylene matrix composites with addition of bio-ceramic materials such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) for orthopedic applications (bone fracture plate, bone cement, bone graft, and hip joint replacement) [ 35 ]. Manjubala et al (2018) prepared hydroxyapatite (HA)/carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) composites for bone regeneration applications.…”

Influence of Nanocermic on Some Properties of Polyetheretherketone Based Biocomposites

“…This increment contributed due to good bonding between nano particles and PEEK matrix without changing the cross-linked or branched structure of the composite material. Other factors such as Interparticle distance, distribution of reinforcement particles, the weight density difference of reinforcements and matrix polymer, and so on decide the final density [35]. Additionally, such particles are produced for diminishing or filling the spaces and voids within the matrix of PEEK.…”