Experimental Investigations on the Viscosity of Magnetic Nanofluids under the Influence of Temperature, Volume Fractions of Nanoparticles and External Magnetic Field

Malekzadeh, Asadolah; Pouranfard, A.R.; Hatami, N.; Banari, Amin Kazemnejad; Rahimi, Mahmood Reza

doi:10.18869/acadpub.jafm.68.225.24022

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The measurements were made using a Brookfield viscometer and as the concentration increased the viscosity of the nanofluids increased. Malekzadeh et al [ 15 ] measured the viscosity of Fe 3 O 4 –water nanofluids at volume fractions from 0.1% to 1% using a Brookfield viscometer across a temperature range from 25 to 45 °C. It was observed that there is an increase in viscosity with an increase in concentration due to the increased molecular interaction between the nanoparticles and base liquid at higher concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in concentration was found to increase this viscosity. In Figure 32 , the measurements for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of water-based MWCNT–Fe 3 O 4 nanofluids [ 71 ] are compared to Fe 3 O 4 –water nanofluid thermal conductivity measurements [ 6 ], Fe 3 O 4 –water viscosity measurements [ 15 ], and MWCNT–water thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements [ 72 ], with all nanofluids at a concentration of 0.1% volume. It can be seen that across the range of temperatures, the MWCNT–Fe 3 O 4 hybrid nanofluid has the highest thermal conductivity until about 60 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity: Review and Optimization of Effects of Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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This review was focused on expressing the effects of base liquid, temperature, possible surfactant, concentration and characteristics of nanoparticles including size, shape and material on thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids. An increase in nanoparticle concentration can lead to an increase in thermal conductivity and viscosity and an increase in nanoparticle size, can increase or decrease thermal conductivity, while an increase in nanoparticle size decreases the viscosity of the nanofluid. The addition of surfactants at low concentrations can increase thermal conductivity, but at high concentrations, surfactants help to reduce thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. The addition of surfactants can decrease the nanofluid viscosity. Increasing the temperature, increased the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid, while decreasing its viscosity. Additionally, the effects of material of nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of a nanofluid need further investigations. In the case of hybrid nanofluids, it was observed that nanofluids with two different particles have the same trend of behavior as nanofluids with single particles in the regard to changes in temperature and concentration. Additionally, the level of accuracy of existing theoretical models for thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids was examined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity: Review and Optimization of Effects of Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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“…The decrease of cP revealed the fading of intermolecular forces owing to the thermal agitation of the NPs [ 67 ]. The increase of cP with NP weight fractions and decrease with temperature was witnessed both in the presence or absence of a magnetic field [ 68 ]. By increasing the shear rate, the agglomerates were gradually separated and the actual viscosity change decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Glycol Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Hybrid Nanofluid Formulation, Properties and Drug Delivery Prospects

et al. 2021

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used materials for biomedical applications owing to their intriguing chemical, biological and magnetic properties. The evolution of MNP based biomedical applications (such as hyperthermia treatment and drug delivery) could be advanced using magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) designed with a biocompatible surface coating strategy. This study presents the first report on the drug loading/release capability of MNF formulated with methoxy polyethylene glycol (referred to as PEG) coated MNP in aqueous (phosphate buffer) fluid. We have selected MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) coated with PEG for MNF formulation and evaluated the loading/release efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug. We have presented in detail the drug loading capacity and the time-dependent cumulative drug release of DOX from PEG-coated MNPs based MNFs. Specifically, we have selected three different MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) coated with PEG for the MNFs and compared their variance in the loading/release efficacy of DOX, through experimental results fitting into mathematical models. DOX loading takes the order in the MNFs as CoFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > Fe3O4. Various drug release models were suggested and evaluated for the individual MNP based NFs. While the non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous) model fits for DOX release from PEG coated CoFe2O4, PEG coated NiFe2O4 NF follows zero-order kinetics with a slow drug release rate of 1.33% of DOX per minute. On the other hand, PEG coated NiFe2O4 follows zero-order DOX release. Besides, several thermophysical properties and magnetic susceptibility of the MNFs of different concentrations have been studied by dispersing the MNPs (NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4) in the base fluid at 300 K under ultrasonication. This report on the DOX loading/release capability of MNF will set a new paradigm in view that MNF can resolve problems related to the self-heating of drug carriers during mild laser treatment with its thermal conducting properties.

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“…Similarly to NF, the viscosity of HNF enhanced with volume/mass concentration or fraction and detracted with temperature. Few studies have been published regarding the influence of magnetic field on NF and HNF and viscosity was observed to enhance as the magnetic field intensity increased [ 76 , 97 , 99 , 103 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]. Experimental data of viscosity of NF and HNF at various temperatures and volume/mass concentrations or fractions have been fitted into models for the estimation of viscosity [ 47 , 72 , 100 , 104 , 110 , 116 , 118 , 120 , 122 ].…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Nanofluids and Hybrid-nanoflmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research and Development on the Natural Convection of Suspensions of Nanoparticles—A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2020

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Suspensions of nanoparticles, widely known as nanofluids, are considered as advanced heat transfer media for thermal management and conversion systems. Research on their convective thermal transport is of paramount importance for their applications in such systems such as heat exchangers and solar collectors. This paper presents experimental research on the natural convection heat transfer performances of nanofluids in different geometries from thermal management and conversion perspectives. Experimental results and available experiment-derived correlations for the natural thermal convection of nanofluids are critically analyzed. Other features such as nanofluid preparation, stability evaluation and thermophysical properties of nanofluids that are important for this thermal transfer feature are also briefly reviewed and discussed. Additionally, techniques (active and passive) employed for enhancing the thermo-convection of nanofluids in different geometries are highlighted and discussed. Hybrid nanofluids are featured in this work as the newest class of nanofluids, with particular focuses on the thermophysical properties and natural convection heat transfer performance in enclosures. It is demonstrated that there has been a lack of accurate stability evaluation given the inconsistencies of available results on these properties and features of nanofluids. Although nanofluids exhibit enhanced thermophysical properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficients were observed to deteriorate in some cases when nanofluids were used, especially for nanoparticle concentrations of more than 0.1 vol.%. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature results, and the underlying mechanisms are also not yet well-understood despite their great importance for practical applications.

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Experimental Investigations on the Viscosity of Magnetic Nanofluids under the Influence of Temperature, Volume Fractions of Nanoparticles and External Magnetic Field

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity: Review and Optimization of Effects of Nanoparticles

Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity: Review and Optimization of Effects of Nanoparticles

Polyethylene Glycol Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Hybrid Nanofluid Formulation, Properties and Drug Delivery Prospects

Experimental Research and Development on the Natural Convection of Suspensions of Nanoparticles—A Comprehensive Review

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