Experimental limit on a small violation of the Pauli principle

Theories of violation of statistics

“…e 2 ∼ 10 −43 (6) can provide numbers smaller than the Ramberg-Snow bound. In addition new physics effects such as violations of Lorentz invariance, spacetime discreteness, spacetime noncommutativity, etc.…”

The VIP Experiment

“…Still later, George Snow suggested a modification of the test that used electrons from a current source, rather than beta rays from radioactive decays (the reference to the original suggestion can be found in a paper by Greenberg and Mohapatra [12]). George Snow carried out the experiment with Erik Ramberg (RS), with an apparatus installed on the ground floor of the Muon Building at Fermilab [13] which is schematically shown in figure 1 (see ref. [13] for details).…”

“…George Snow carried out the experiment with Erik Ramberg (RS), with an apparatus installed on the ground floor of the Muon Building at Fermilab [13] which is schematically shown in figure 1 (see ref. [13] for details).…”

Proposed search for small violations of bose statistics in molecular spectra

“…In fact, only one accurate experiment exists checking the validity of the Pauli principle for electrons [14].…”

“…In fact, in the case of electrons a high-precision experiment was performed by Ramberg and Snow [14]. They passed a current through a strip of copper and looked for X-ray transitions due to an electron in the n = 2 level making a transition to the n = 1 level.…”