Experimental model of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in pigs: potential for an early recognition of colibacillosis by monitoring of behavior

Krsnik, Boris; Yammine, Rayan; Pavičić, Željko; Balenović, Tomislav; Njari, Bela; Vrbanac, Ivan; Valpotić, Ivica

doi:10.1016/s0147-9571(99)00016-8

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These effects, however, were short lived, with infection only decreasing ADG in the immediate post-infection period (days 3 to 6; P 5 0.019). This effect on performance is comparable to other studies where a single dose of ETEC of similar magnitude was given (Sarmiento et al, 1988;Krsnik et al, 1999;Madec et al, 2000). For example, Madec et al (2000) reported a 77% decrease in ADG immediately post infection (days 0 to 2), followed by a prompt recovery and the same level of weight gain in the second week post infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection on newly weaned pigs: performance

Wellock

Fortomaris

Houdijk

et al. 2008

Animal

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of post-weaning dietary protein supply and weaning age on the performance of pigs in the absence of in-feed antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) when artificially challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a pathogen associated with post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC). The experiment consisted of a complete 2 3 2 3 2 factorial combination of two weaning ages (4 v. 6 week), two levels of dietary protein (H, 230 g CP/kg v. L, 130 g CP/kg) and challenge with ETEC (1 v. 2). An additional four treatments were added to test for the effects of protein source (DSMP, dried skimmed milk powder v. SOYA, soybean meal) and AGP inclusion (yes v. no) on challenged pigs of both weaning ages. At weaning (day 0), pigs were assigned to one of the experimental treatments for 2 weeks. On day 14 post-weaning, the same standard grower ration was fed to all animals until 10 weeks of age. On day 3 post weaning, challenged pigs were administered per os with 10 9 cfu ETEC. The ETEC challenge had a detrimental short-term effect on performance, decreasing average daily gain (ADG) (days 3 to 6; P 5 0.014) in both 4-and 6-week weaned animals. Compared with their non-infected counterparts, challenged 4-week weaned pigs on the H diet demonstrated a larger decrease in ADG immediately post infection than those on the L diet, 242% and 225%, respectively (P 5 0.088). This effect was smaller in the 6-week weaned pigs, 226% and 219% for the H and L diets, respectively. Pigs fed SOYA had lower (P , 0.001) daily intake and ADG (day 0 to 14) than those fed DSMP, with 6-week weaned pigs being affected to a greater extent than 4-week weaned pigs. In the absence of AGP, increasing weaning age and decreasing dietary protein level, especially in earlier weaned pigs, may help to minimise the effects of PWC on performance, particularly in sub-optimal environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection on newly weaned pigs: performance

Wellock

Fortomaris

Houdijk

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Although we did not analyze the fecal consistency score, many of the infected pigs had mild diarrheal symptoms that may also affects the drinking time and frequency. Krsnik et al (1999) also observed a significantly shorter eating and drinking period with diarrheal symptoms in weaned pigs intragastrically inoculated with F4ac + or F4 − non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains (10 10 cfu/ml). In addition, Edwards and Gibson (2012) found that sick animals usually eat and drink less and withdraw, spending more time being inactive than normal.…”

Section: Monitoring Behavior In Experimentally Infected Pigmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This may have been a response of immune system to Salmonella infections by increasing the synthesis of components of its defense mechanisms such as cytokines (Volf et al, 2012), since an increase in cytokine production decreases feed intake (Johnson, 1997). Beside this, interactions between the bacterial strains and the mucosa of the small intestine of the infected pigs can also reduce feed intake (Krsnik et al, 1999). Interestingly, drinking frequency and time spent drinking were also much lower in the infected pigs.…”

Section: Monitoring Behavior In Experimentally Infected Pigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Ahmed¹,

Mun²,

Yoe³

et al. 2015

Animal

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Behavior is one of the most commonly used indicators of illness; however, few studies have investigated how different common diseases affect animal behavior. This experiment was conducted to investigate behavioral and clinical alterations in growing pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella spp. during a 4-week post-infection period. A total of 48 growing pigs were divided into one of the three treatment groups (1) control, (2) infection with Salmonella Typhimurium or (3) infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. Individual pigs’ behavior was recorded daily (0900 to 1100 and 1600 to 1800 h) using a video-recording system. Pigs in both infected groups had lower weight gain and feed intake during week 0 to 2 and 0 to 4 experimental period. Bacteriological data revealed that pigs in both infected groups persistently shed bacteria throughout the period of study. Oral infection of growing pigs with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis significantly reduced the frequency of morning large (except week 1) and small movement throughout the study period. In the evening, significantly lowest frequency of movements were observed in the S. Enteritidis-infected group compared with the control. The standing and sitting frequency were significantly lower in both infected groups only at the morning of week 4. Infection with Salmonella spp. led to a significant reduction in the frequency and duration of morning eating and drinking throughout the experimental period, with the exception of 4th week drinking duration. The lowest frequency of evening eating during week 1 and 4 was recorded in both infected groups; whereas, the duration differed only at week 1. The evening drinking frequency only tended to decrease in response to S. Typhimurium infection at week 1. This study shows that, pigs infected with Salmonella spp. had poor performance, shedding high levels of Salmonella with their feces and reduced feeding and drinking activity, which are adaptive responses to infection and may help caretakers to detect ill health.

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“…Increased stocking density was shown to cause pigs to drink more at each opportunity, but less frequently (Andersen et al., 2014). The frequency and duration of elimination, drinking, and lying behaviour was shown to predict early stages of bacterial infections (Krsnik et al., 1999). Salmonella infection in pigs results in reduced feeding and drinking behaviours (throughout the 4 week post-infection period) and a decrease in the time spent standing and sitting (by week 4 post-infection) compared to controls (Ahmed et al., 2015).…”

Section: Behavioural Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of health and welfare compromises through automated detection of behavioural changes in pigs

Matthews

Miller

Clapp

et al. 2016

The Veterinary Journal

203

129

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HighlightsRecent developments in automatically detecting compromised pig health and welfare.Five categories of behaviour are reviewed.Behaviours mapped to sensors that are feasible for automated detection.Progress towards levels of automation through detection, monitoring and fully automatic detection of behavioural change.Challenges for automated detection of behavioural changes are multifaceted and require trade-offs to develop such systems.

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Experimental model of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in pigs: potential for an early recognition of colibacillosis by monitoring of behavior

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection on newly weaned pigs: performance

Effects of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection on newly weaned pigs: performance

Monitoring of behavior using a video-recording system for recognition of Salmonella infection in experimentally infected growing pigs

Early detection of health and welfare compromises through automated detection of behavioural changes in pigs

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