Experimental models for guided bone regeneration in healthy and medically compromised conditions

Abstract

The increased use of dental implants and related bone-augmentation procedures creates a need for reliable proof-of-principle preclinical models for evaluating different bone-regenerative techniques. The simulation of clinical scenarios by such models is of importance when the experiments are designed in order for the outcomes to provide basic points of clinical relevance. At the same time, the increased proportion of the population with different chronic diseases of ageing necessitates the need to reproduce these conditions in the same proof-of-principle preclinical models to allow evaluation of the effect of the relevant chronic disease on the bone-healing process. This review presents a number of 'proof-of-principle' preclinical models in health and in chronic systemic conditions in which the guided bone regeneration principle was evaluated.

Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB for localized bone regeneration. Histologic and radiographic outcomes of a rabbit study

“…; Donos et al. ), and has a good acceptance in an ethical point of view, the translation of pre‐clinical results should be analyzed with prudence, being an animal model with different physiological responses and metabolism compared to humans. Although the use of small animals, in this case rabbits, significantly differs when compared to clinical trials in humans, this type of study is commonly used as a “proof‐of‐principle.” Within the limitations of this study, further pre‐clinical and clinical investigations with different and more challenging defects are needed.…”

“…Pre‐clinical models for GBR procedures have been thoroughly evaluated in several studies as “proof‐of‐principle” (Donos et al. ). This included deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (Stavropoulos et al.…”

Osseointegration in osteoporotic‐like condition: A systematic review of preclinical studies

“…Research data suggest that systemic diseases such as osteoporosis could jeopardize the bone healing process and thus the predictability of dental implants . In fact, osteoporotic bone cells present a decreased degree of proliferation, lower levels of transforming growth factor β1 production and a higher production of interleukin‐6 compared to the osteoblasts derived from healthy subjects .…”

Protein expression during early stages of bone regeneration under hydrophobic and hydrophilic titanium domes. A pilot study

“…The dome model was adopted because it represents both a GBR and osseointegration model, due to the presence of a titanium surface . In fact, by applying a rigid dome/capsule, a secluded space is created, which allows the formation of bone beyond the skeletal profile and its integration with the titanium surface …”