Experimental Phonetics

Hayward, Katrina

doi:10.4324/9781315842059

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…During articulation of this phoneme, the breath stream flows laterally, freely without friction, over the lowered sides of the tongue. As a result, the lateral phoneme /l/ has been classified as an approximant (see, amongst others, Hayward, 2000;Ladefoged, 2000;Neppert, 1999;Scobbie & Wrench, 2003;Stevens, 2000). In addition to the alveolar closure, the tongue dorsum or root may form a secondary constriction of open approximation, and the complex resonance characteristics of the resulting vocal tract shape give lateral alveolar approximants their acoustic properties.…”

Section: The Lateral Phonemes Of German and Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic systems, maturational constraints and L1 phonetic attrition

Leeuw

Mennen

Scobbie

2012

International Journal of Bilingualism

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The present study comprises a phonetic analysis of the lateral phoneme /l/ in the first (L1) and second language (L2) of 10 late German-English bilinguals. The primary objective of the study was to compare the predictive power of dynamic systems theory with that of maturational constraints through a phonetic investigation of L1 attrition in the lateral phoneme /l/ of the late bilinguals. The results revealed L1 attrition in the lateral phoneme /l/, as well as a high degree of interpersonal and intrapersonal variation. These patterns are discussed in relation to dynamic systems theory and maturational constraints. Moreover, the degree of permanency of L1 attrition is discussed in relation to methodological considerations in studies on L1 attrition. It is proposed that maturational constraints are insufficient in explaining the results and that bilingual language development can be more adequately explained through dynamic systems theory, which explicitly incorporates a multitude of predictor variables across the lifespan, in addition to age constraints.

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Section: The Lateral Phonemes Of German and Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic systems, maturational constraints and L1 phonetic attrition

Leeuw

Mennen

Scobbie

2012

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…The graphical display in three different views reinforces research in which the pattern of formants characterizes the vowels according to the vocal tract configuration (24) . The predominance of F1 and F2 in vowel characterization is well known, but the literature reports the first three forms as the reference for vowel identification (25) .…”

Section: Graphic Presentation Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Margens de tolerância e valores de referência para os formantes de vogais orais para uso em terapias de voz para surdos em computador comercial

Leme

Marcelino

Prado

2016

CoDAS

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RESUMO Objetivo Este trabalho apresenta as margens de tolerâncias mínimas e máximas para as frequências dos três primeiros formantes (F1, F2 e F3) na pronúncia das vogais orais do português brasileiro para utilização em terapias de voz para surdos. Método As frequências foram obtidas a partir da colaboração voluntária de 53 indivíduos adultos que tiveram as vozes gravadas e convertidas em sinais digitais durante a emissão de cada uma das sete vogais (/a/, /e/, /Ɛ/, /i/, /o/, /ᴐ/, /u/), de maneira sustentada por cerca de um segundo. As amostras foram distribuídas em dois grupos, um masculino e outro feminino. A gravação e a extração dos formantes foram efetuadas através de software próprio desenvolvido para este fim na plataforma MATLAB, utilizando o algoritmo LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) de oito coeficientes. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que uma referência consistente para os valores médios das frequências de F1, F2 e F3 pôde ser obtida através da análise gráfica e estatística das amostras de sinais de voz coletada. Conclusão Os valores de referência encontrados foram analisados e podem ser usados para calibração de dispositivos e podem servir de base para o treinamento de oralização para surdos.

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“…There are no previous studies on how stress influences the labio / velar alternation in Spanish. In general, stressed syllables are more prominent than unstressed ones due to the combination of pitch, vowel duration and greater intensity in the former (Hayward 2000). Since increased prominence yields perceptual saliency, less variation is expected to occur in stressed syllables, while increased variation will occur in unstressed ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%