Experimental Post‐traumatic Lung Insufficiency in Dogs

Abstract

The ultrastructure of developing lung lesions in two groups of dogs exposed to a combination of haemorrhagic hypotension and liver trauma was studied with particular attention to changes at the alveolar level and lung micro‐vessels. Lung samples were obtained every four hours and at collapse in one group and 12 hrs after initiation of the trauma in the other. An interstitial oedema was recognized in biopsies obtained 4 hrs after initiation of the trauma, and before marked lesions were observed at the ultrastructural level in endothelial cells. Endothelial damage was, however, evident in biopsies obtained at 8 hrs and at collapse. Aggregates of degranulated and degenerated leucocytes and platelets were occasionally found to obstruct respiratory capillaries together with erythrocytes, some of which seemed to be haemolysing. A considerable amount of protein‐rich oedema, cellular debris and fibrinoid material was found in alveolar lumina at collapse. The present experiments indicate that increased vascular permeability in lung micro‐vessels is of importance for the development of the characteristic lesions seen in shock lungs. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms, initiating the lung lesions, are discussed with special emphasis on the significance of kinin activation and the presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and microthrombi.

Berberine Reduces Leukocyte Adhesion to Lps-Stimulated Endothelial Cells and Vcam-1 Expression Both In Vivo and In Vitro

“…Lungs are among the most frequently affected organs in severe sepsis leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (9,10). The initial site affected during the development ofALIIARDS is the layer of endothelial cells lining the micro-vessels in the lung (11). The response of lung microvascular endothelial cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is central to the pathogenesis of lung injury (12).…”

In vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of a traditional Chinese formulation on LPS-stimulated leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression

“…Lungs are among the most frequently affected organs in severe sepsis leading to ALI and ARDS (Martin et al, 2003;Costa et al, 2006). The initial site affected during the development of ALI/ARDS is the endothelial cell (EC) layer lining the micro-vessels in the lung (Lium et al, 1982). Endothelium plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of inflammation (Albelda et al, 1994;McGill et al, 1998;Hack and Zeerleder, 2001).…”