Experimental research of electrical loads in residential and public buildings

Abstract

The Association “Roselectromontazh” conducted a study of electrical loads for residential and public buildings in the Republic of Tatarstan showed that actual electrical loads are 1.5 - 2.5 times lower than in regulatory documents. Recently constructed cable networks and transformer substations of 0.4 / 10 kV in fact turn out to be underloaded. Moreover, this underload is such that most of the transformers rarely operate at 30% of their capacity during hours of maximum power consumption. The calculation of electric load is the basis for designing the power supply system of any capital construction facility. According to the open joint-stock company “Network Company” and with the support of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Association “Roselectromontazh” carried out an experimental study on updating the requirements for calculating electricity consumption in public and public buildings of the Republic of Tatarstan. The actualization of electrical loads will lead to a significant economic effect by reducing the declared capacity and accordingly the power and number of power transformers reducing the cross-sections of power cables and consequently, capital costs during construction and operation.

Monitoring of Electrical Consumption, Including Self-Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Fragmentary studies of the specific electrical loads of apartments in several regions of the country, performed by the Association, have revealed their significant differences [1][2][3], which is further confirmed by [15]. Consequently, respective standards for regions to calculate the electric load should be implemented.…”

“…The study group included several thousand houses with evidence of the representativeness of the sample. Significant differences were distinguished, which resulted in the identification of three groups of residential buildings [1][2][3]: the 1st group -residential buildings without elevators and with gas stoves, this category included 1-5 floors' apartment buildings; the 2nd group -residential buildings with elevators and gas stoves, this group included 6-10 floors' apartment buildings; the 3rd group -residential buildings with elevators and electric stoves, this group includes apartment buildings with the number of floors above 11 as it is impossible to install gas stoves in buildings above 10 floors without the implementation of additional measures requiring approval in accordance with the procedure established by law. Based on the analysis of the data of the housing stock in Kazan [9], the following diagram of distribution by the number of floors for apartment buildings commissioned since 2010 in the city of Kazan was obtained, as shown in Fig.…”

“…The expected economic effect of the actualization of the estimated electrical loads for developers, based on [1], was about 495 million rubles per year; 2. For network organizations, the approximation of estimated electrical loads to actual ones will lead to a number of positive results, including reducing electricity losses, reducing "locked electrical capacity" and eliminating inefficient investments [2]. For example, for the JSC "Grid Company" (the Republic of Tatarstan) in 2019, the supply of electric energy to the network -22.751 billion kWh, and the loss of electric energy -1.495 billion kWh (3.86 billion rubles) [11].…”

“…It is necessary to take into account the regional nature of the loads, as fragmentary studies of the specific electrical loads of apartments in several regions of the country, performed by the Association, have revealed their significant differences [1][2][3]. Based on the analysis of information from the housing stock of Yekaterinburg [9,16], the distribution of apartment buildings by number of floors was obtained.…”

“…The valid values used for the design of electrical networks specified in 256.1325800.2016 "Electrical installations of residential and public buildings. Design and installation rules" [10], as a rule, are overestimated from 150 to 250% [1][2][3]. It should be noted that over the past decade, the electrical power consumption of household appliances has changed downwards due to the implementation of new technologies [6].…”