Experimental response of cold-formed steel lipped channel beam-columns

Torabian, Shahabeddin; Zheng, Bin; Schafer, Benjamin W.

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2014.12.003

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The ultimate response of cold-formed steel members is highly dependent on the applied stress distribution which, especially in the case of cold-formed steel members subjected to combinations of axial load and bending moments, can be considered to be the key controlling parameter [27,28]. Hence, the stress distributions at different stages of loading are carefully assessed herein.…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviour and Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prestressed cold-formed steel beams: Concept and mechanical behaviour

Hadjipantelis

Gardner

Wadee

2018

Engineering Structures

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An innovative concept, whereby the load-carrying capacity and serviceability performance of cold-formed steel beams are enhanced by utilising prestressing techniques, is presented. The prestressing force is applied by means of a high-strength steel cable, which is housed at a location eccentric to the strong geometric axis within the bottom hollow flange of the cold-formed steel beam, inducing initial stresses in the beam that are opposite in sign to those introduced during the subsequent loading stage. As a consequence, the development of local instabilities during loading is delayed and thus the capacity of the beam is enhanced. Furthermore, the pre-camber induced during prestressing, as well as the contribution of the cable to the bending stiffness of the system, decrease the overall vertical deflections of the beam. The conceptual development of prestressed cold-formed steel beams and a study investigating the potential benefits are presented. The mechanical behaviour of the proposed beams in both the prestressing and imposed loading stages is described in terms of analytical expressions, while failure criteria for the design of the cold-formed steel beam and the cable are also developed by employing interaction equations in conjunction with the Direct Strength Method. Geometrically and materially nonlinear finite element analysis with imperfections is employed to simulate the behaviour of the proposed beams. Sample numerical results are presented and compared with the developed analytical expressions and failure criteria, demonstrating the substantial enhancement in moment capacity and serviceability performance offered by these beams.

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Section: Mechanical Behaviour and Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prestressed cold-formed steel beams: Concept and mechanical behaviour

Hadjipantelis

Gardner

Wadee

2018

Engineering Structures

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“…The developed method was extended to axial + biaxial bending. A significant effort in the research was directed at developing appropriate methods to combine the different strength formulas into a compatible expression for any combined action; testing [45,46] as well as shell FEM simulations [47] were used to verify the developed design strength expressions [43,48]. Examples of the final result of the newly developed beam-column strength surfaces are provided in Fig.…”

Section: Design Under Multiple Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

00.02: Developments in research and assessment of steel structures: Highlights from the perspective of an American researcher

Schafer

2017

ce papers

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The objective of this paper is to provide a summary of recent developments in the research and assessment of steel building structures. The task is too broad to accomplish in a general sense, as such the perspective and biases of the author as an American research professor who primarily focuses on thin-walled steel building applications is explicitly recognized. The discussed research is separated into three areas: cold-formed steel structures, hot-rolled steel structures, and earthquake engineering for steel structures. The focus of the presentation is on research conducted within each of these three areas, in the last 5 years, primarily in the United States, with particular emphasis on projects that the author was directly involved in or lead. In addition, each area concludes with a brief discussion of developments in American steel codes and standards that are related to the research. Cold-formed steel structures have enjoyed a large body of recent research, advancements in: modelling, imperfection measurement, stiffness characterization, coupled instabilities, design under multiple actions, and system reliability are all highlighted. The author has had less direct involvement in much of the recent hot-rolled steel structural research, but serves on the committees where this research is brought into the American standards. Work that has had a specific impact on the American hot-rolled steel standards in beams, slender columns, composite columns, bracing, fire, and progressive collapse are all highlighted. In addition, recent research advancing modelling for fracture in steel is summarized due to the authors belief in the large long term impact of those efforts. Earthquake engineering for steel structures spans a broad space, highlighted research includes: benchmark tests and building models for cold-formed steel framing; new tests, modelling, and design guidance on structural steel seismic force-resisting systems; and new research in steel diaphragm systems. Taken as a whole, the paper aims to demonstrate the vibrancy in American steel building research, now more than 125 years since the first steel-framed skyscraper.Activity in cold-formed steel research is broad and it is impossible to provide a complete summary, recent efforts by Hancock [1] provide a more comprehensive treatment than that provided here. In this paper, a subset of key developments that the author believes have significant potential to transform the analysis or design of cold-formed steel structures is highlighted. Without a doubt, this paper leaves out significant advances that the author was either unaware of, or did not properly contemplate when preparing this summary. Computational Advances: GBT, cFSM, cFEMCold-formed steel members primarily utilize open singly-point-or un-symmetric thin-walled sections. As a result, global buckling modes are nearly always coupled (in flexure and torsion) and must include warping torsion. Due to the thin nature of the sheet used to form the sections, local plate deformations are engaged even at service ...

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“…The elastic buckling interaction between the axial load and the bending moment is modelled via finite elements. Torabian et al have tested cold-formed steel lipped channel [4] and Zee [5] sections under bi-axial moments and axial force. The experimental results are compared with the current North American cold-formed steel design standard, AISI-S100-12, predictions; by both the effective width method (EWM) and the DSM (direct strength method).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

07.14: Rack uprights under combined compression and bi‐axial bending: Experimental testing, numerical analysis and European standard approach

et al. 2017

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Pallet rack uprights are thin-walled mono-symmetric perforated open steel cross-sections subject to combined axial compression and bending. Loads (pallets of goods to be stored) are transmitted to uprights through the beams and the beam-upright connections. Bending about the major axis (cross aisle direction) is induced to the upright by the eccentricity of the beam end plate and the moment transmitted by the semi-rigid beam to upright connection. The bending about the minor axis (downaisle direction) is induced by eccentricity of the axis of the beam and the axis of the upright. The nature of these components, with perforations and buckling failure modes, together with combined actions, is a challenge in structural design. The main objective of this investigation is to provide a comprehensive empirical, numerical and analytical analysis of how bending combined with axial compression influences in the design load of pallet rack uprights. This paper presents experimental tests performed on uprights under combined compression and bending, and the FEA including nonlinear geometric and material behaviour. Both results are compared to the current European Standard, EN 15512, for Steel static storage systems. One type of cross section has been analysed, with a length that can produce different type of failure modes, mainly local and distortional buckling. The uprights have been analysed with different axial -bending combinations, which cover the field of combinations possible in the real load conditions of the rack.

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Experimental response of cold-formed steel lipped channel beam-columns

Cited by 56 publications

References 3 publications

Prestressed cold-formed steel beams: Concept and mechanical behaviour

Prestressed cold-formed steel beams: Concept and mechanical behaviour

00.02: Developments in research and assessment of steel structures: Highlights from the perspective of an American researcher

07.14: Rack uprights under combined compression and bi‐axial bending: Experimental testing, numerical analysis and European standard approach

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