Experimental results from high energy proton-nucleus interactions, critical phenomena, and the thermal liquid drop model of fragment production

Hirsch, A. S.; Bujak, A.; Finn, J.E.; Gutay, L.; Roger, Michel; Porile, N.T.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Stringfellow, B.; Turkot, F.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.29.508

Cited by 259 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This situation caused other authors to more generally question the applicability of statistical descriptions for spectator fragmentation [24]. An explanation in terms of the Goldhaber model [25] that is favored here has been suggested long ago [15,26] but, so far, has not been generally adopted.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Odeh¹,

Bassini²,

Begemann-Blaich³

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Kinetic energies of light fragments A <= 10 from the decay of target spectators in 197Au 197Au collisions at 1000 MeV per nucleon have been measured with high-resolution telescopes at backward angles. Except for protons and apart from the observed evaporation components, the kinetic-energy spectra exhibit slope temperatures of about 17 MeV, independent of the particle species, but not corresponding to the thermal or chemical degrees of freedom at breakup. It is suggested that these slope temperatures may reflect the intrinsic Fermi motion and thus the bulk density of the spectator system at the instant of becoming unstable. PACS numbers: 25.70.Pq, 21.65.+f, 25.70.MnComment: 11 pages, with 4 included figures; Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett.; Also available from http://www-kp3.gsi.de/www/kp3/aladin_publications.htm

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confidence: 97%

“…The qualitative difference between the chemical or thermal equilibrium temperatures and the kinetic temperatures has been observed for a variety of reactions and numerous reasons for it have been presented [15][16][17][18][19]. Preequilibrium or prebreakup emissions are likely explanations for high-energy components in light-particle spectra [4,10,20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Odeh¹,

Bassini²,

Begemann-Blaich³

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…[21][22][23] by indirect observations. The first direct measurements of the nuclear caloric curve were done by the ALADIN collaboration [24], later followed by other experiments [25,26].…”

Section: Nuclear Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Van der Waals equation of state with Fermi statistics for nuclear matter

2015

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The van der Waals (VDW) equation of state is a simple and popular model to describe the pressure function in equilibrium systems of particles with both repulsive and attractive interactions. This equation predicts an existence of a first-order liquid-gas phase transition and contains a critical point.Two steps to extend the VDW equation and make it appropriate for new physical applications are carried out in this paper: 1) the grand canonical ensemble formulation; 2) the inclusion of the quantum statistics. The VDW equation with Fermi statistics is then applied to a description of the system of interacting nucleons. The VDW parameters a and b are fixed to reproduce the properties of nuclear matter at saturation density n 0 = 0.16 fm −3 and zero temperature. The model predicts a location of the critical point for the symmetric nuclear matter at temperature T c ∼ = 19.7 MeV and nucleon number density n c ∼ = 0.07 fm −3 .

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“…The remnant quickly equilibrates and cools by means of evaporating clusters. Similar studies have been performed on such experimental results, however the Coulomb force and finite size effects were not properly taken into account [24,25,34].…”

Section: Experimental Fragment Scalingmentioning

confidence: 81%

Nuclear matter phase diagram from compound nucleus decay

Moretto

Elliott

Lake

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The finite size of nuclei and the Coulomb interaction make it difficult to describe systems interacting through the strong force into thermodynamic terms. Our task is to extract the phase diagram of the theoretical infinite symmetrical uncharged nuclear matter from experiments of nuclear collisions where the systems are neither infinite, symmetrical, nor uncharged. Decay yields from such experiments are translated into coexistence densities and pressures by use of Fisher's droplet model. This method is tested on model systems such as the Ising model and a system of particles interacting via the LennardJones potential. The specific problems inherent to nuclear reactions are considered. These include finite size effects, Coulomb repulsion, and the lack of a physical vapor in contact with a decaying system. Experimental data of compound nucleus experiments are studied within this framework, which is also shown to extend to higher energy reactions. Finally, the phase diagram of nuclear matter is extracted.

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Experimental results from high energy proton-nucleus interactions, critical phenomena, and the thermal liquid drop model of fragment production

Cited by 259 publications

References 34 publications

Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Van der Waals equation of state with Fermi statistics for nuclear matter

Nuclear matter phase diagram from compound nucleus decay

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