Experimental results on neutron production by muons at 4300 m w.e.

Bergamasco, L.; Costa, S.; Picchi, P.

doi:10.1007/bf02827344

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Complementary to the underground experiments on neutrons induced by cosmic muons, two accelerator based experiments measured muon-induced neutron 12 15 G. V. Gorshkov(1974) [10] 16 50 I. Abt (2017) [11] and this work 20 7.6 M. F. Crouch (1952) [12][13] 40 10 G. V. Gorshkov (1971) [14] 58 -a Holborn (1965) [15] 60 10 L. Bergamasco (1970) [16] 80 10 G. V. Gorshkov (1971) [14] 110 10 L. Bergamasco (1970) [16] 150 10, 16 Gorshkov (1968[17], 1971 [18]) 800 10 G. V. Gorshkov (1971) [14] 2850 -b Boulby (2008 [8], 2013 [19]) 4300 35 L. Bergamasco (1973) [20] 4800 10 LSM (2013) [9] a The lead was mixed with rock and the neutron spectrum was measured with low statistical significance. b The target was the whole lead shielding system of the ZEPLIN-II and ZEPLIN-III experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of neutrons induced in lead by cosmic muons at a shallow underground site

Abt

Empl

et al. 2018

Astroparticle Physics

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Neutron production in lead by cosmic muons has been studied with a Gadolinium doped liquid scintillator detector. The detector was installed next to the Muon-Induced Neutron Indirect Detection EXperiment (MINIDEX), permanently located in the Tübingen shallow underground laboratory where the mean muon energy is approximately 7 GeV. The MINIDEX plastic scintillators were used to tag muons; the neutrons were detected through neutron capture and neutron-induced nuclear recoil signals in the liquid scintillator detector. Results on the rates of observed neutron captures and nuclear recoils are presented and compared to predictions from GEANT4-9.6 and GEANT4-10.3. The predicted rates are significantly too low for both versions of GEANT4. For neutron capture events, the observation exceeds the predictions by factors of 1.65 ± 0.02 (stat.) ± 0.07 (syst.) and 2.58 ± 0.03 (stat.) ± 0.11 (syst.) for GEANT4-9.6 and GEANT4-10.3, respectively. For neutron nuclear recoil events, which require neutron energies above approximately 5 MeV, the factors are even larger, 2.22 ± 0.05 (stat.) ± 0.25 (syst.) and 3.76 ± 0.09 (stat.) ± 0.41 (syst.), respectively. Also presented is the first statistically significant measurement of the spectrum of neutrons induced by cosmic muons in lead between 5 and 40 MeV. It was obtained by unfolding the nuclear recoil spectrum. The observed neutron spectrum is harder than predicted by GEANT4. An investigation of the distribution of the time difference between muon tags and nuclear recoil signals confirms the validity of the unfolding procedure and shows that GEANT4 cannot properly describe the time distribution of nuclear recoil events. In general, the description of the data is worse for GEANT4-10.3 than for GEANT4-9.6.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of neutrons induced in lead by cosmic muons at a shallow underground site

Abt

Empl

et al. 2018

Astroparticle Physics

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“…Neutron yield in lead has been reported in Ref. [12] as 0.016 n/l/(g/cm 2 ) for a mean muon energy of about 310 GeV. This value is two (four) times higher than simulations carried out with the FLUKA (GEANT4) code [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measurements of neutrons produced by high-energy muons at the Boulby Underground Laboratory

Araújo

Blockley

Bungau

et al. 2008

Astroparticle Physics

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a b s t r a c tWe present the first measurements of the muon-induced neutron flux at the Boulby Underground Laboratory. The experiment was carried out with an 0.73 tonne liquid scintillator that also served as an anticoincidence system for the ZEPLIN-II direct dark matter search. The experimental method exploited the delayed coincidences between high-energy muon signals and gamma-rays from radiative neutron capture on hydrogen or other elements. The muon-induced neutron rate, defined as the average number of detected neutrons per detected muon, was measured as 0:079 AE 0:003 (stat.) neutrons/muon using neutron-capture signals above 0.55 MeV in a time window of 40-190 ls after the muon trigger. Accurate Monte Carlo simulations of the neutron production, transport and detection in a precisely modeled laboratory and experimental setup using the GEANT4 toolkit gave a result 1.8 times higher than the measured value. The difference greatly exceeds all statistical and systematic uncertainties. As the vast majority of neutrons detected in the current setup were produced in lead we evaluated from our measurements the neutron yield in lead as ð1:31 AE 0:06Þ Â 10 À3 neutrons/muon/(g/cm 2 ) for a mean muon energy of about 260 GeV.

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“…Gorshkov & Bergamasco's data for lead targets at a variety of depths [39,40,41,42] gave a combined global fit to the neutron production parameter β for both scintillator and lead data of β = 0.77 ± 0.03, again The data collected by Gorshkov and colleagues allows further study of the target dependence of neutron production by muons. One can fit the data with the simple relation α i A γ , where α i is allowed to vary for different depths but γ is fixed.…”

Section: Target Dependencementioning

confidence: 83%

Background Models for Muons and Neutrons Underground

Formaggio¹

2005

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The Borexino muon detector and muon induced backgrounds AIP Conf. Abstract.Cosmogenic-induced activity is an issue of great concern for many sensitive experiments sited underground. A variety of different arch-type experiments -such as those geared toward the detection of dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay and solar neutrinos -have reached levels of cleanliness and sensitivity that warrant careful consideration of secondary activity induced by cosmic rays. This paper reviews some of the main issues associated with the modeling of cosmogenic activity underground. Comparison with data, when such data is available, is also presented.

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Experimental results on neutron production by muons at 4300 m w.e.

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Direct measurement of neutrons induced in lead by cosmic muons at a shallow underground site

Direct measurement of neutrons induced in lead by cosmic muons at a shallow underground site

Measurements of neutrons produced by high-energy muons at the Boulby Underground Laboratory

Background Models for Muons and Neutrons Underground

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