Experimental studies of Coulomb drag between ballistic quantum wires

Debray, P.; Zverev, V. N.; Raichev, O. É.; Klesse, Rochus; Vasilopoulos, P.; Newrock, R. S.

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/13/14/312

Cited by 71 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In contrast to the noise, the absolute drag of the current is not based on a symmetry of the Hamiltonian and is therefore restricted to asymptotically small energy scales k B T, eU and a large contact region between the tubes. Recently, current drag effects have been observed for crossed SWNTs [20] and parallel semiconductor quantum wires [21]. Essentially the same systems should also reveal the Coulomb drag shot noise predicted here.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Coulomb Drag Shot Noise in Coupled Luttinger Liquids

Trauzettel¹,

Egger²,

Grabert³

2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Coulomb drag shot noise has been studied theoretically for 1D interacting electron systems, which are realized e.g. in single-wall nanotubes. We show that under adiabatic coupling to external leads, the Coulomb drag shot noise of two coupled or crossed nanotubes contains surprising effects, in particular a complete locking of the shot noise in the tubes. In contrast to Coulomb drag of the average current, the noise locking is based on a symmetry of the underlying Hamiltonian and is not limited to asymptotically small energy scales. PACS: 71.10.Pm, 73.40.Gk Shot noise in mesoscopic systems has started to attract much interest [1] because it provides information not contained in the current-voltage characteristics alone, and can for instance reveal the fractional charge of quasiparticles in exotic electronic phases such as the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquid. Shot noise in FQH bars can be described by the chiral Luttinger liquid (LL) theory [2], and the predicted fractional charge e * smaller than the electron charge e has been seen experimentally for filling factors ν = 1/3 [3] and ν = 2/5 [4]. While in Hall bars right and left moving currents are spatially separated, we address here current noise in non-chiral Luttinger liquids [5], where right and left movers interact in the same channel. Experimental realizations of this generic model for interacting electrons in 1D are for instance provided by single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) [6,7] or semiconductor quantum wires [8]. For clarity, we focus on SWNTs, with very similar effects expected for other non-chiral 1D interacting metals, and restrict ourselves to the case of spinless electrons [9]. According to available experiments [7], the standard LL interaction parameter in SWNTs is g ≈ 0.2, indicating the presence of strong Coulomb interactions [10].The two-terminal shot noise of a nanotube with an impurity is due to backscattered quasiparticles constructed out of the zero-modes and plasmons of the bosonized LL theory [11] carrying a fractional charge e * = ge. Naively, one might expect that what happens at the impurity should be observable in the shot noise, namely that the two-terminal shot noise in the weak impurity limit can be written as e * times the backscattered current [1]. On the other hand, as noted previously for the average current [12][13][14], the coupling to Fermi liquid reservoirs needs to be incorporated explicitly in the model. We demonstrate that d.c. shot noise does not probe the fractional charge but coincides with the noise in a noninteracting wire. To experimentally access the expected quasiparticle charge then requires more complicated four-terminal setups [15], which seem however difficult to implement in practice and also give only indirect evidence for e * . On the other hand, pronounced interaction effects in shot noise experiments arise from the Coulomb drag shot noise of two adjacent or crossed SWNTs, where we predict the remarkable effect of complete noise locking. In fact, the noise power P 1 in one SWNT induces a Coulomb drag s...

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Coulomb Drag Shot Noise in Coupled Luttinger Liquids

Trauzettel¹,

Egger²,

Grabert³

2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…They have been used to investigate properties of electron-electron scattering in low-density 2D electron systems Kellogg et al, 2002a); signatures of metal-insulator transition in dilute 2D hole systems (Jörger et al, 2000a,b;Pillarisetty et al, 2002Pillarisetty et al, , 2005a; quantum coherence of electrons (Kim et al, 2011;Price et al, 2008Price et al, , 2007 and composite fermions (Price et al, 2010); exciton effects in electron-hole bilayers Keogh et al, 2005;Morath et al, 2009;Seamons et al, 2009); exotic bilayer collective states (Eisenstein, 2014), especially the quantum Hall effect (QHE) at the total filling factor ν T = 1 (Finck et al, 2010;Kellogg et al, 2003Kellogg et al, , 2002bSchmult et al, 2010;Spielman et al, 2004;Tutuc et al, 2009); compressible quantum Hall (QH) states at half-integer filling factor (Muraki et al, 2004;Zelakiewicz et al, 2000); integer QH regime (Lok et al, 2002); Luttinger liquid effects (Debray et al, 2001;Laroche et al, 2008Laroche et al, , 2014; Wigner crystallization in quantum wires (Yamamoto et al, 2002(Yamamoto et al, , 2006(Yamamoto et al, , 2012; and one-dimensional (1D) sub-bands in quasi 1D wires (Debray et al, 2000;Laroche et al, 2011). More generally, interlayer interaction and corresponding transport properties have been studied in hybrid devices comprising a quantum wire and a quantum dot (Krishnaswamy et al, 1999); a SC film and a 2D electron gas (Farina et al, 2004); Si metal-oxide-semiconductor systems …”

Section: Frictional Dragmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coulomb drag

2016

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Coulomb drag is a transport phenomenon whereby long-range Coulomb interaction between charge carriers in two closely spaced but electrically isolated conductors induces a voltage (or, in a closed circuit, a current) in one of the conductors when an electrical current is passed through the other. The magnitude of the effect depends on the exact nature of the charge carriers and microscopic, many-body structure of the electronic systems in the two conductors. Drag measurements have become part of the standard toolbox in condensed matter physics that can be used to study fundamental properties of diverse physical systems including semiconductor heterostructures, graphene, quantum wires, quantum dots, and optical cavities.

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“…DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.066602 Coulomb-coupled quantum dots yield a model system for Coulomb drag [1], the phenomenon where a current flowing in a so-called drive conductor induces a voltage across a nearby drag conductor via the Coulomb interaction [2]. Though charge carriers being dragged along is an evocative image, as presented in early work on coupled 2D-3D [3] or 2D-2D [4] semiconductor systems, later measurements in graphene [5,6], quantum wires in semiconductor 2DEGs [7][8][9][10], and coupled double quantum dots [11] have indicated that the microscopic mechanisms leading to Coulomb drag can vary widely. For example, collective effects are important in 1D, but less so in other dimensions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotunneling Drag Effect in Coulomb-Coupled Quantum Dots

et al. 2016

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In Coulomb drag, a current flowing in one conductor can induce a voltage across an adjacent conductor via the Coulomb interaction. The mechanisms yielding drag effects are not always understood, even though drag effects are sufficiently general to be seen in many low-dimensional systems. In this Letter, we observe Coulomb drag in a Coulomb-coupled double quantum dot and, through both experimental and theoretical arguments, identify cotunneling as essential to obtaining a correct qualitative understanding of the drag behavior. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.066602 Coulomb-coupled quantum dots yield a model system for Coulomb drag [1], the phenomenon where a current flowing in a so-called drive conductor induces a voltage across a nearby drag conductor via the Coulomb interaction [2]. Though charge carriers being dragged along is an evocative image, as presented in early work on coupled 2D-3D [3] or 2D-2D [4] semiconductor systems, later measurements in graphene [5,6], quantum wires in semiconductor 2DEGs [7][8][9][10], and coupled double quantum dots [11] have indicated that the microscopic mechanisms leading to Coulomb drag can vary widely. For example, collective effects are important in 1D, but less so in other dimensions. All drag effects require interacting subsystems and vanish when both subsystems are in local equilibrium.A perfect Coulomb drag with equal drive and drag currents has been observed in a bilayer 2D electron system: effectively a transformer operable at zero frequency [12]. Coulombcoupled quantum dots can rectify voltage fluctuations to unidirectional current, with possible energy harvesting applications [13,14]. This rectification of nonequilibrium fluctuations is similar to a ratchet effect, as observed in charge- [15][16][17][18] and spin-based nanoelectronic devices [19], as well as in rather different contexts such as suspended colloidal particles in asymmetric periodic potentials [20]. Coulomb-coupled dots have also been proposed as a means for testing fluctuation relations out of equilibrium [1].An open question is how higher-order tunneling events in the quantum coherent limit contribute to Coulomb drag processes [21]. In this Letter, we present experimental measurements and theoretical arguments showing that simultaneous tunneling of electrons (cotunneling) is crucial to describe drag effects qualitatively in Coulomb-coupled double quantum dots (CC-DQDs). Previous theoretical work has obtained drag effects with sequential tunneling models [1] (for an exception, see Ref.[22]), and these models have been invoked in measurements of stacked graphene quantum dots [21]. We demonstrate here that for a DQD, cotunneling contributes to the drag current at the same order as sequential tunneling in a perturbation expansion. This has profound consequences in experiment, notably a measurable drag current even when the drag dot is far off resonance, and a gate voltage-dependent vanishing of the Coulomb gap above which the drag current can be measured. Our experiment shows that the drag mechanisms c...

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Experimental studies of Coulomb drag between ballistic quantum wires

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Coulomb Drag Shot Noise in Coupled Luttinger Liquids

Coulomb Drag Shot Noise in Coupled Luttinger Liquids

Coulomb drag

Cotunneling Drag Effect in Coulomb-Coupled Quantum Dots

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