Experimental studies on impurity particle behavior in electrolyte and the associated distribution on the cathode in the process of copper electrorefining

Zeng, Weizhi; Werner, Joshua; Free, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.06.005

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…18,19 Typical values were assumed for the parameters α a , α c , i 0 , 20 which are specified in Table II. [7] where i l is the current density in the electrolyte adjacent to the electrode, n is the unit normal vector to the electrode surface, and the conservation of current at the interface is described.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Studies of Electrolyte Flow and Slime Particle Transport in a Pilot Scale Copper Electrorefining Cell

Zeng

Wang

Free

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Copper electrorefining tests were conducted in a pilot scale cell made of transparent cell walls, allowing direct observation and microscopic video recording of the electrolyte flow. Fluid flow velocities in the gaps between adjacent anodes and cathodes were measured by analyzing the recorded video using a video analysis and modeling software. Modeling and simulation of copper electrorefining in this cell were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element method simulation software. The flow velocity field results from modeling agree reasonably well with the measured electrolyte velocities. The transport of slime particle in electrolyte flow was also simulated and the appearance frequencies of slime particles in the domain within 200 microns from cathode surface at different positions of cathodes were compared with impurity levels in the copper cathodes harvested from experimental tests. The results show good correlation especially with the total concentration of major impurities. Thus the cathodic contamination can be predicted by the slime particle appearance frequency in front of the cathode.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Studies of Electrolyte Flow and Slime Particle Transport in a Pilot Scale Copper Electrorefining Cell

Zeng

Wang

Free

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…23 by the gravitational constant and applying it in the negative z direction. + 0.54 * C H 2SO4 − 0.59 * T) [24] where F z is the volume force in the z direction, ρ is the fluid density, and g is the gravitational constant. The dynamic viscosity of the fluid was estimated by the following empirical equation, which is based on the experimental data from Price and Davenport: in Kg/m 3 , and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.…”

Section: Journal Of the Electrochemical Society 162 (14) E338-e352 (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and Validation Studies of Impurity Particle Behavior in Copper Electrorefining

Zeng

Free

Werner

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A model based in COMSOL Multiphysics consisting of an electrorefining cell was utilized to simulate copper electrorefining. Concentration and electrolyte density profiles were generated as electrochemical simulation results. Fluid velocity field, particle trajectories, and particle distribution maps were generated to study impurity particle behavior in electrolyte. A three factor designed set of boundary conditions was used to determine the effects of inlet flow rate, temperature, and current density on impurity particle behavior in electrolyte and the associated distribution on the cross section (slice) 100 microns away from the front surface of the cathode during copper electrorefining. The number of impurity particles on the cross section was counted for each set of boundary conditions. The model data for impurity particle distribution was compared with measured impurity particle contamination at the cathode surface, and the results show a very good correlation, which suggests the model is reasonable. The model results show the three factors have significant effects on the number of impurity particles on the cross section. The impurity particle counts at the corner positions of the slice are much higher than those at the center position of the slice. Possible explanations for the simulation results are proposed.

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“…Изучению механизмов растворения медных анодов, формирования анодных шламов, перехода отдельных примесей из анода в раствор электролита и шлам посвящено достаточно большое число работ [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Как правило, эти исследования либо проводились с использованием искусственно приготовленных электролитов в лабораторных условиях, либо анализировалось поведение лишь отдельных примесей.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Statistical Analysis of the Distribution of Impurities during Copper Electrorefining

Ostanin

Rudoy

Demin

et al. 2021

Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals

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Аннотация: Электролитическое рафинирование меди позволяет получать металл высокой степени чистоты, поэтому анализ основных путей перехода примесей в продукты электролиза является актуальной проблемой, решение которой дает возможность управлять технологическим процессом при изменении состава сырья и, как следствие, содержания примесей в анодах. В настоящей работе на основе комплексного анализа и синхронизации большого массива данных по концентрации примесей в различных технологических средах (аноды, электролит, шлам и катодный металл), полученных на сериях товарных ванн, определены направления потока примесей и выявлены связи между их содержанием в этих средах. Показано, что переход примесей из одной технологической среды (источник) в другую (приемник) реализуется по четырем основным схемам: линейное увеличение, отсутствие видимой зависимости, наличие предельной концентрации в приемнике и наличие пороговой концентрации в источнике. Приведены результаты статистического анализа распределения 6 примесей (висмут, мышьяк, свинец, сера, никель и серебро), относящихся к разным группам, в четырех основных парах источник примеси -приемник: анод-раствор, анод-шлам, шлам-катод и раствор-катод. Для всех зависимостей концентрации примеси в источнике от содержания в приемнике определены коэффициенты линейных уравнений регрессии и проведена оценка их значимости. Полученные коэффициенты позволяют объяснить наблюдаемые в промышленном электролизере пути перехода примесей и прогнозировать качество катодной меди и состав шламов при изменении состава анодов. Проведенные расчеты показали, что накопление примесей в катодах происходит не столько за счет электрохимических реакций, сколько вследствие окклюзии частиц шлама и неполного удаления раствора с поверхности товарных катодов. Совершенствование и развитие технологии электролитического рафинирования меди должно быть направлено на поиск поверхностно-активных веществ, которые бы способствовали предотвращению адсорбции частиц взвешенного шлама на поверхности катодов, а также улучшению их отмывки от электролита.

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Experimental studies on impurity particle behavior in electrolyte and the associated distribution on the cathode in the process of copper electrorefining

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental and Simulation Studies of Electrolyte Flow and Slime Particle Transport in a Pilot Scale Copper Electrorefining Cell

Experimental and Simulation Studies of Electrolyte Flow and Slime Particle Transport in a Pilot Scale Copper Electrorefining Cell

Simulation and Validation Studies of Impurity Particle Behavior in Copper Electrorefining

Statistical Analysis of the Distribution of Impurities during Copper Electrorefining

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