Experimental studies on the performance of mobile air conditioning system using environmental friendly HFO-1234yf as a refrigerant

Prabakaran, Rajendran; Sidney, Shaji; Ramakrishnan, Iyyappan; Lal, D. Mohan

doi:10.1177/0954408919881236

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… where, Ėx is the exergy destruction rate and ε̇ in - ε̇ out is the rate of total exergy transferred by way of heat, work and mass interactions during the process. It is determined by calculation of entropy generation in a process using equation (6) 30,32–34 where, T o is the dead-state temperature or environment temperature 32 °C and truenormalS˙normalGen is the entropy generated during the process. Exergy destructions for major components of the VCR cycle are given in equations (7) to (11).…”

Section: Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge optimisation of a solar milk chiller with direct current compressors

Sidney

Prabakaran

Lal

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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In view of promoting the utilization of solar photo-voltaic energy for milk chilling application a custom designed milk chiller with DC compressors was fabricated. Two different DC compressors were used operating with HFC-134a and HC-600a refrigerants to ascertain the performance of HFC and HC refrigerants when used in solar powered application. In view of optimizing the performance of both refrigerants, charge optimization was experimentally carried out for both refrigerant circuits. The optimum charge was obtained based on the maximum coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency. When comparing ice formation and coefficient of performance, the HC-600a refrigerant circuit was lower than that of HFC-134a circuit. It was also observed that the total exergy destruction experienced was maximum in the HFC-134a circuit than that of the HC-600a circuit. The magnitude of exergy destruction was found to be maximum in the compressor and then followed by the condenser, evaporator and finally the capillary for both refrigeration circuits. This study showed an efficient way for using the solar power for operating a milk chiller with DC compressors and with ice bank tank to avoid the dependency on batteries.

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Section: Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge optimisation of a solar milk chiller with direct current compressors

Sidney

Prabakaran

Lal

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…In addition, the technologies of emission reduction and recovery of F-gases were studied by using physical and chemical experiments, such as catalysis, adsorption and separation [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The feasibility of the substance as a replacement for F-gases was evaluated by using performance tests, and the replacement of the refrigerants has been widely studied [23][24][25]. The impact of climate change and biological toxicity was studied to evaluate the environmental impacts of F-gases [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of climate change and biological toxicity was studied to evaluate the environmental impacts of F-gases [26][27][28][29][30][31]. The emissions of F-gases have been calculated based on bottomup and top-down methods [24,32,33], and atmospheric observation was the important support for emission estimation. The atmospheric observations of F-gases have been mostly carried out at background and urban sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Observation of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases around Four Chemical Plants in China

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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Due to the high global warming potential and rapidly increasing atmospheric concentrations of fluorinated greenhouse gases (hereinafter referred to as F-gases), the emission estimation has been widely studied. Additionally, the atmospheric observation supports the emission estimation. However, there are few F-gas studies with respect to chemical plants. In this study, we firstly carried out atmospheric observation studies of F-gases around chemical plants in China. Four typical chemical plants were selected, and the concentration levels, their concentration differences (hereinafter referred to as the up–down difference) and enhanced ratios (hereinafter referred to as the up–down enhanced ratio) of the F-gases at upwind and downwind sites in the four plants were observed. Both the upwind and downwind observation results of each plant showed that the average concentrations of HFCs were the highest (57%–85%), followed by PFCs, while the total average concentrations of SF6 and NF3 only accounted for less than 5%. The F-gases, with both the larger up–down enhanced ratios and the larger up–down differences in each plant, may suggest larger emission strengths during fluorinated production, by-products and usage processes. Additionally, the numbers of F-gas species emitted from Plants A, B and C were all significantly higher than those from Plant D. This may be because the F-gases in Plants A, B and C were emitted not only during fluorinated production and by-product processes, but also during usage processes, with respect to refrigeration and air-conditioning or foam insulation materials. The F-gases emitted by each plant did not cause toxicity to humans at sensitive sites; however, they can cause nonnegligible climate impacts. In the future, it is necessary to select more typical chemical plants to carry out the atmospheric observation of F-gases, with a higher observation frequency and larger sample size, to further estimate F-gas emissions from chemical plants in China.

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“…21 HC600a has been selected to replace HFC134a due to environmental protocols. [22][23][24] This variable speed compressor has an electronic control unit which helps to start the compressor at an interval of 1-minute whenever there is power supply. The compressor begins with a starting speed of 2500 r/min but stops when PV panels cannot provide sufficient power and, after one minute when it tries to start again the speed is reduced to 400 r/min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of solar photovoltaic operated milk cooler for realizing the need for load management and starting circuits

Prabakaran

Lal

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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A study on the working characteristics of a variable speed DC compressor for variable solar irradiance has been carried out. Two compressors (total cooling capacity of 300 W) were directly connected to the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel, with both having the ability to start when solar irradiance reached 700 W/m2. When individually connected, the minimum solar irradiance required for a single compressor to start and run were 400 W/m2 and 200 W/m2. However, when two compressors in the loop were at rest, and when the solar irradiance was just above 400 W/m2, it was not sufficient to start both compressors. As a result, single compressor only began to run and another one took more time to start. Thus, a load management circuit is necessary for starting and sustaining the load for two compressors. A starting circuit is essential for the supply of the required starting current so that the single compressor and double compressors can start with the minimum irradiance of 200 W/m2 and 400 W/m2 respectively. Lab test (LTs) were performed using a regulated DC power supply (RPS) for the same test conditions as the field tests (FTs). The PV output was predicted using the PVsyst software and fed into the RPS. The results reveal the discrepancies in the behavioral characteristics of the DC compressors between FT and LT conditions.

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Experimental studies on the performance of mobile air conditioning system using environmental friendly HFO-1234yf as a refrigerant

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Charge optimisation of a solar milk chiller with direct current compressors

Charge optimisation of a solar milk chiller with direct current compressors

Atmospheric Observation of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases around Four Chemical Plants in China

A comparative study of solar photovoltaic operated milk cooler for realizing the need for load management and starting circuits

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