Experimental study and mathematical simulation of the crystallization of ammonium sulfate in a forced circulation crystallizer

Process optimization and crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate from wet ammonia‐based desulfurization

“…Dorofeeva et al, studied the growth mechanism of ammonium sulfate crystals and developed a mathematical model for the process of continuous crystallization in a forced circulation crystallizer. 19 Some impurities will affect the crystallization process of ammonium sulfate, such as aluminum sulfate and soot. 20,21 Crystallization thermodynamics can provide basic data for the crystallization process and determine product yield.…”

“…25 Li et al, explored the effect of various factors on the crystal size and shape of ammonium sulfate using an orthogonal experiment, optimal purity of ammonium sulfate crystals was obtained at a pH of 3.4, stirring speed of 200 r/min, and Fe 3+ addition amount of 0.84 g. 26 Although many scholars have studied the crystallization of ammonium sulfate, the research mainly focuses on the crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate with the method of cooling crystallization. 19,20,24,27,28 The empirical formulas of the nucleation rate and growth rate of ammonium sulfate also differ greatly. There are few studies on the optimal operating conditions, growth rate, and nucleation rate of ammonium sulfate obtained from the ammonia desulfurization process by evaporation crystallization.…”

“…Pathath and Kienle 18 investigated the nonlinear oscillations of ammonium sulfate crystallization using three different population models. Dorofeeva et al, studied the growth mechanism of ammonium sulfate crystals and developed a mathematical model for the process of continuous crystallization in a forced circulation crystallizer 19 . Some impurities will affect the crystallization process of ammonium sulfate, such as aluminum sulfate and soot 20,21 …”

2-D Flow and Temperature Measurements in a Multiphase Airlift Crystallizer

“…The resulting secondary nucleation is difficult to control due to its coupling to the mixing of the suspension and leads to smaller mean sizes and broader crystal size distributions. 3,4 The airlift crystallizer is a promising alternative for the commonly used stirred crystallizer to avoid secondary nucleation by attrition. 5 Airlift columns are encountered for applications in biotechnology 6 due to the low shear forces present in airmixed devices which help to prevent damage to microorganisms.…”

“…The major drawback of the use of impellers and pumps in crystallizers however is that their mechanical contacts with the crystal leads to attrition and breakage. The resulting secondary nucleation is difficult to control due to its coupling to the mixing of the suspension and leads to smaller mean sizes and broader crystal size distributions. , The airlift crystallizer is a promising alternative for the commonly used stirred crystallizer to avoid secondary nucleation by attrition …”