Experimental Study of a Tanker Ship Squat in Shallow Water

Kazerooni, Mohammadreza Fathi; Seif, Mohammad Saeed

doi:10.11113/jt.v66.2477

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…More than 117 ships have been reported as grounded over the past 40 years, mostly due to squat as pointed out in (Barrass, C.B., and Derret, D.R., 2012). In 1992, QE2 was grounded due to flooding of the tanks in the bow (Kazerooni, M.F. and Seif, M.S., 2014).…”

Section: Squat Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of the squat of ships advancing through the New Suez Canal

et al. 2019

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As a ship travels forward, squat of the ship may occur due to an increase in sinkage and trim. Squat is a crucial factor that restricts ship navigation in shallow water. A new division of the Suez Canal, the New Suez Canal, recently opened for international navigation. It is important to obtain accurate prediction data for ship squat to minimise the risk of grounding in this canal.To provide guidance for shipping in canals a series of experiments was conducted on a model scale of the Kriso Container Ship (KCS). The squat of the KCS was examined by measuring its sinkage and trim. A wide range of water depth to ship draft ratios at various ship speeds was investigated. Additionally, the blockage effect was studied by varying the canal width, and deep water tests were performed. The results indicated that for Froude's number based on depth (Fnh) below 0.4, measured squat value do not change with either Fnh or depth to draft ratio (H/T). The squat increases with H/T values for Froude numbers higher than 0.4. Moreover, a canal with reduced width had a negligible effect on squat, suggesting that the next segment of the Suez Canal can be built to a narrower width.

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Section: Squat Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of the squat of ships advancing through the New Suez Canal

et al. 2019

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“…-The forward speed (V K ) which is the most essential factor, since ship squat varies directly as (V K ) 2 .…”

Section: Figure 3 Ship Squatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main dimensions of the ship and model where all values refer to the origin located at (AP/CL/BL) are given in table (2) and in figure (5) the KCS is represented by solid lines.…”

Section: Ship Particularsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ship squat-related incidents have increased in recent years, with for example the sinking of the M/V Herald of Free Enterprise in Zeebruge's port, Belgium, in 1987, and the loss of 200 lives, resulting in millions of damages. Another incident was the 1992 grounding of the Queen Elizabeth II brought about by the flooding of tanks in the bow because of harm brought about by high squat and draft increase in the ship's fore [2]. Ship owners might be faced with expenses, for example, ship repair, pay claims for oil spillage, and dry-dock charges for ship inspection when a ship is grounded due to excessive squat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of a Container Ship Squat in Suez Canal Using CFD

Desouky

Elhenawy²

2022

Port-Said Engineering Research Journal

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Minor grounding or contact accidents may occur from time to time in Suez Canal. However, in March 2021, the economic ramifications of a critical grounding resounded around the world and were still felt after the Ever-Given container ship was freed from the banks. The results of a computational investigation of a ship cruising through Suez Canal are presented in this study, and hopefully can be utilized to foresee and prevent future ship's squat and bank effects throughout the determination of proper trim. The KRISO Container Ship (KCS) was picked as the example vessel for this investigation, carried out through the commercial code STAR-CCM+, and representing a comprehensive CFD analysis of such an event. The governing equations are expressed in integral form by the finite-volume based solver STAR-CCM+. The CFD investigation is performed by utilizing a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver, a k-ε turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach. The CFD model is validated based on the ships' experimental data. The investigation empowers shipmasters and marine pilots to comprehend the effects of squat thus avoiding ship accidents when going through Suez Canal.

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Experimental Study of a Tanker Ship Squat in Shallow Water

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental analysis of the squat of ships advancing through the New Suez Canal

Experimental analysis of the squat of ships advancing through the New Suez Canal

Prediction of a Container Ship Squat in Suez Canal Using CFD

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