Experimental Study of Effects of Process Parameters in Forge‐Welding Bimetallic Materials: AISI 316L Stainless Steel and 6063 Aluminium Alloy

Abstract

Forge welding is a process that can overcome the limitations of friction welding and diffusion bonding for joining dissimilar metals, while still permitting a large amount of plastic deformation. However, the available information about forge welding of dissimilar metals is rare as most studies have focused on joining similar metals. This paper reports an investigation on effects of process parameters in forge-welding bimetallic materials: AISI 316L stainless steel and 6063 aluminium alloy. Experiments were carried out under variations in process parameters, including forge-welding temperature, amount of deformation and forging speed. The results showed that the forge-welding temperature was the most significant process parameter and that this could highly influence the tensile strength of the joint. The quality joint was produced successfully. It could withstand the tensile strength of 111.3 MPa and this was comparable to the findings of other researchers. The diffusion zone of the joint was examined by the optical micrograph and elemental composition analysis. Intermetallic compounds were found in the diffusion zone, which was critical evidence for the validity of the experiment.

Identification of a friction model for the bearing channel of hot aluminium extrusion dies by using ball-on-disc tests

“…Therefore, in the bearing channel of hot aluminum extrusion, the strong chemical or diffusion bonding is the dominant friction mechanism, which has been verified experimentally before [11,[34][35][36]. Also, the strong interactions between hot Al and steel have been observed in the forge welding process [37][38][39]. From a micro-scale point of view, the influence of the contact pressure is to change the real contact area, i.e.…”

“…Also, the strong interactions between hot Al and steel have been observed in the forge welding process [37][38][39]. From a micro-scale point of view, the influence of the contact pressure is to change the real contact area, i.e.…”

Challenges in the Forging of Steel-Aluminum Bearing Bushings

“…Moreover, a joint flow of materials also depends on the geometry of the combined raw parts (e.g., their arrangements, diameter ratios between shell and core) as well as the geometry of forging dies [ 4 ]. Kong et al investigated the production of steel–aluminum compounds (AISI 316L/6063) by forge welding using different process parameters such as temperature, part geometry and forging speed [ 5 ]. Among them, the forming temperature had the greatest influence on the final joint quality and bond strength.…”

Manufacturing of High-Performance Bi-Metal Bevel Gears by Combined Deposition Welding and Forging

“…For example, Wohletz and Groche examined the joining of steel and aluminium raw parts (C15/AW 6082 T6) by means of combined forward and cup extrusion [10]. The study of Kong et al focused on joining by means of forge welding of stainless steel (AISI 316L) and aluminium (6063) [11]. It was established that among the other process parameters, the forming temperature has the most decisive influence on the resulting quality and the tensile strength of the joint.…”