“…RAP is obtained from the milling process on the existing asphalt pavement and generally consists of particles made of aggregate and aged asphalt binder [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 14 , 15 ]. Two main advantages can be identified from the use of RAP: first, approximately 0.8–1.1% of the asphalt binder amount can be saved during the mixture production when incorporated with virgin material [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 16 ] compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures and second, due to the incorporation of RAP in the mix design, aged pavement layers can be reused mitigating the overall environmental impact of the construction process [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. During 2017, approximately 76.2 million tons of RAP were successfully reused for pavement applications in the U.S. with RAP producers being the most effective in recycling up to 99% of the RAP [ 17 ].…”