Experimental Study of Nonlinear PID Controllers in an Air Levitation System

As the world's population grows and energy demand increases, it is necessary to increase the scale of the electrical system, which is more complicated. Consequently, adopting automatic generation control (AGC) scheme to meet the demand becomes inevitable. In this article, the fusion of flower pollinated algorithm (FPA) and pathfinder algorithm (PFA), named hereafter as ℎFPAPFA, is proposed to achieve maximum control efficiency by combining the exploitation of FPA with the exploration capacity of PFA. The proposed ℎFPAPFA is meant to regulate two unequal multi-area interconnected power system with different generating units such as thermal, hydro, wind power and diesel plants. The proposed control scheme aims to achieve this by using the new algorithm to optimize the fractional-order set-point weighted PID (FOSWPID) parameters under time domain-based fitness functions namely, integral time square error (ITSE) and integral time absolute error (ITAE) while simultaneously minimizing the power losses. Employing the same interconnected power systems, a comparative study with some recent approaches in renowned journals is conducted. The performance of the proposed method is observed under diverse load conditions scenarios. Moreover, three nonlinearities including boiler dynamics, the governor dead band (GDB) and generation rate constraints (GRC) are further integrated into the system from a pragmatic context. Finally, sensitivity tests involving various parameter changes and the introduction of random step load perturbations are carried out. From the results, the proposed approach outperformed other approaches under different load condition scenarios, incorporation of nonlinearities and random load perturbation, demonstrating the proposed technique's efficacy and reliability.INDEX TERMS automatic generation control (AGC), flower pollinated algorithm, pathfinder algorithm integral time absolute error, governor dead band (GDB), generation rate constraints (GRC).

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“…Therefore, ( ) = ( ) as described in Eqs. (11) and (14). The Laplace transform of the control signal from Eq.…”

Section: ) Setpoint Weighted Fractional Order Pid Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a New Fusion of Flower Pollinated With Pathfinder Algorithm for AGC of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System

2021

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“…In this study, with the robust and non-linear voltage control algorithm proposed, a more robust structure has been formed at the system output against dynamic load changes. According to robust controller classical PI structure, the dynamic behaviour of the system is fast and it has been shown in many studies [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Proposed Voltage Control Algorithm Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non‐linear PID controller method is used because the classic PI controller cannot control the application enough. It is concluded that this method is much faster and better in the control of an electric generator output voltage [21, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and application of electrical power backup and battery charge with a new voltage controller approach for military vehicles

Aktaş¹

2019

IET Power Electronics

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Thanks to the increased reliability and performance of power electronics, their use in military areas is very common. Through the developing technology, military land vehicles can have many equipment rather than just a replenishment and military transport duty. For safety and confidentiality, it is not possible to supply the energy of these equipments with the 28 V lead-acid batteries on the military vehicle during the silent watch (when the vehicle is stationary). In this study, electrical power backup and battery charge circuit has been designed and applied for military land vehicles for this purpose. When providing power to devices and charging the battery in the vehicle, it is important to ensure that the circuit is stable, robust and accordance with military standards. The output voltage of this power circuit is controlled by the use of robust control and nonlinear voltage control methods and this method brings innovation in this field. In this study, voltage surges in power circuit output due to sudden load changes are minimized by the proposed voltage control method. Thus, the conformity of the power circuit to the MIL-STD-1275-E voltage surges standard, which is one of the military standards, is provided by experimental results.

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“…Their main feature is the ability to float objects in air, reducing or eliminating mechanical friction between components (see Figure 1). Air levitation systems (ALSs) are similar but use a fan that forces a flow of air to control an object's movement within a tube [5,6], as opposed to the magnetic field generated by electromagnets to counteract the force of gravity of a metallic object like a ball. The implicit control challenge is therefore to force the levitated metal sphere to follow a certain reference trajectory representing the distance from the ball to the electromagnet by changing the voltage of the electromagnet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalised Proportional Integral Control for Magnetic Levitation Systems Using a Tangent Linearisation Approach

et al. 2021

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This paper applies a robust generalised proportional integral (GPI) controller to address the problems of stabilisation and position tracking in voltage-controlled magnetic levitation systems, with consideration of the system’s physical parameters, non-linearities and exogenous disturbance signals. The controller has been developed using as a basis a model of the tangent linearised system around an arbitrary unstable equilibrium point. Since the approximate linearised system is differentially flat, it is therefore controllable. This flatness gives the resulting linearised system a relevant cascade characteristic, thus allowing simplification of the control scheme design. The performance of the proposed GPI controller has been analysed by means of numerical simulations and compared with two controllers: (i) a standard proportional integral derivative (PID) control, and (ii) a previously designed exact feedforward-GPI controller. Simulation results show that the proposed GPI control has a better dynamic response than the other two controllers, along with a better performance in terms of the integral squared tracking error (ISE), the integral absolute tracking error (IAE), and the integral time absolute tracking error (ITAE). Finally, experimental results have been included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of position stabilisation and tracking performance when appreciable non-linearities and uncertainties exist in the underlying system. Comparative graphs and metrics have shown a superior performance of the proposed GPI scheme to control the magnetic levitation platform.

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Experimental Study of Nonlinear PID Controllers in an Air Levitation System

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Application of a New Fusion of Flower Pollinated With Pathfinder Algorithm for AGC of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System

Application of a New Fusion of Flower Pollinated With Pathfinder Algorithm for AGC of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System

Design and application of electrical power backup and battery charge with a new voltage controller approach for military vehicles

Generalised Proportional Integral Control for Magnetic Levitation Systems Using a Tangent Linearisation Approach

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