Experimental study of paver blocks using palm shell and coconut shell

Indhiradevi, P.; Selvamuhil, A.K.; Vengainayaki, V.; Gokul, G.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.420

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addressing environmental issues, palm kernel shell (PKS) waste can substitute coarse aggregates in the production of cost-effective light concrete blocks, providing affordable construction materials [1]. However, the initial findings that the separation process between palm kernels and PKS using clay batch in a palm oil industry (POI) is less than optimal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

Jannah,

Machdar,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The effectiveness of the palm kernel separation process is of paramount significance, as it directly influences the quantity of palm kernels obtained. This efficiency forms the core of the decision-making process when considering how to best use palm kernel shells, which are a byproduct of the palm oil industry. These versatile shells have various applications, including their role as a fuel source, their use in producing activated carbon, and their utility as an alternative material in lightweight concrete. The primary aim of this investigation is to examine and enhance the efficiency of this innovative segregation technique, with a specific focus on identifying the optimal conditions for achieving effective segregation, particularly the ideal concentration of salt (NaCl) in a batch process. The research methodology comprises a wellstructured series of steps designed to systematically evaluate the segregation process. In the initial stages, samples of palm kernel and shell were collected from a local palm oil industry and meticulously prepared for experimentation. Subsequently, salt solutions with varying saturation percentage of salt solution beetwen 12 g/L and 380 g/L were prepared. As the samples were immersed in the solution, the denser palm kernel shells settled at the base, whereas the lighter palm kernels rised to the top, simplifying the separation of these two elements. The highest level of segregation efficiency was achieved at the 380 g/L of Consentration of salt solution. This suggested method offers advantages, including the capability to achieve a 100% separation of palm kernel and palm kernel shell.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

Jannah,

Machdar,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Shape and dimension: Square shape with 225 mm x 225 mm x 35 mm. Da Silva et al, [17] Recycled tire rubber (crumb rubber) with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% replacement Testing: Compressive strength, flexural strength, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, water absorption Shape and dimension: Tactile square shape with 200 mm x 200 mm x 60 mm Gravel Replacement Indhiradevi et al, [18] Palm shell with 20%-40% replacement and coconut shell with 20%-40% replacement Testing: Compressive strength, water absorption Shape and dimension: No information Sweta et al, [19] Waste plastic with 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% replacement Testing: Compressive strength Shape and dimension: No information Binu et al, [20] Recycled hospital plastic waste with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement Testing: Compressive strength Shape and dimension: Rectangular shape with 200 mm x 175 mm x 60 mm. Cement Replacement Atici and Ersoy [21] Fly ash with 10%-20% replacement and blast-furnace slag with 30%-40% replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Washed Bottom Ash as Sand Replacement Material in Concrete Paving Block

Sani

Muftah

Kamal

et al. 2023

ARASET

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Concrete Paving Block (CPB) is made by mixing sand, gravel, cement, and water and is used in non-traffic and traffic areas. The CPB is proposed in a variety of shapes, sizes, colours, and materials. The demand for the CPB is increased in line by increasing in residential houses and building construction, and infrastructure activity. The advantages of CPB when compared with the rigid and flexible pavement is a more beautiful and interactive surface, fast-paced production without high technology equipment or skilled worker, and also creating a balanced humidity. Nowadays, concrete using waste materials such as cement, sand, or gravel replacement becomes more popular which supported the sustainable development requirement and goal. The replacement activity of concrete ingredients for promoting waste material with low carbon content in CPB is also part of the sustainable development programme which reduced the environmental impact of the waste material or production of natural concrete ingredients and cost production. With the intention of the issue, the CPB using bottom ash (BA) which is washed to reduce the carbon content is produced and tested for skid resistance, water absorption, and mechanical behaviour. The chemical and physical behaviour of WBA is conducted and shown the suitability to replace sand in CPB. The compressive strength of WBA with 100% of sand replacement in CPB illustrates the maximum load and compressive strength of approximately 1198.35 kN and 30.73 MPa and is appropriately used for paving blocks.

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Experimental study of paver blocks using palm shell and coconut shell

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution

Production of Washed Bottom Ash as Sand Replacement Material in Concrete Paving Block

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