Experimental study on blade pitch angle effect on the performance of a three-bladed vertical-axis Darrieus hydro turbine

Abstract

Summary Because of higher concerns about increasing global warming, energy consumption and reduction of conventional energy resources and growing attention are given to renewable energy and to cross flow turbines such as the Darrieus turbine to harness water energy (water currents, reservoirs, rivers, and oceans). The aim of the experimental investigation presented in this paper is to evaluate the effect of hydro Darrieus turbine blades fixation pitch angle “ig” on its performance. Four main sets of experimental tests were conducted for the same vertical‐axis hydro turbine model (VAHT) with four blade fixation pitch angles (ig = −1.75°, −4.5°, 1.75°, and 4.5°), at various water flow velocities (V = 0.3‐0.64 m/s corresponding to a water free flow Reynolds number of 2.5 × 104 to 4.36 × 104). A comparison between the results of the present work and with those of a previous experimental study for ig = 0° shows that the best performance of the tested turbine is obtained when the blades are set at a pitch angle of 1.75°. In fact, the corresponding optimum mechanical power and power coefficient relative increases are respectively as much as 82% and 67% with respect to ig = 0° at V = 0.37 m/s and as much as 65% and 77% at V = 0.46 m/s. The worst performance is obtained for the negative blades fixation pitch angle of −4.5°; at the water flow velocity of 0.37 m/s, this leads to power, and power coefficient relative decreases respectively about 75% and 81% with respect to the results obtained for ig = 1.75° and respectively about 54% and 68% of those obtained in the previous work for ig = 0°.

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