Water treatment is an important means to solve the global water resource shortage problem and ensure human health and economic development. Most existing water treatment technologies have problems such as high energy consumption, high cost, and poor anti pollution performance. Electromagnetic water treatment technology has the advantages of good treatment efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental protection, and is currently one of the popular new water treatment technologies. This article first elaborates on the scale inhibition mechanism of electromagnetic fields from two aspects: the impact of electromagnetic fields on calcium carbonate crystals and calcium carbonate solutions. Currently, there is controversy in the academic community about the scale inhibition mechanism of electromagnetic fields. This article further lists and compares the experimental methods and conclusions of electromagnetic field scale inhibition, and summarizes and summarizes the scale inhibition mechanism. Secondly, the core components of the electromagnetic scale inhibition device (signal generation device, processing chamber) were elaborated in detail. Finally, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the factors that affect the efficiency of electromagnetic field scale inhibition, and it was concluded that combining electromagnetic scale inhibition technology with other scale inhibition technologies would have better results.