Experimental study on cryo-compressed hydrogen ignition and flame

Kobayashi, Hiroaki; Muto, Daiki; Daimon, Yu; Umemura, Yutaka; Takesaki, Yuichiro; Maru, Yusuke; Yagishita, Tsuyoshi; Nonaka, Satoshi; Miyanabe, Kota

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.091

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, large-scale liquid H 2 storage systems have emerged as a viable solution for efficiently increasing the capacity of H 2 fuel stations . The design of the liquid H 2 storage system must consider the risks caused by low temperatures (−243 °C), fireball, aerosol puff, gas puff (ignited), missile ejection, gas jet (ignited), pool dispersion, flashfire, pool formation, gas dispersion, fire, aerosol puff (ignited), overpressure generation, two-phase jet, jet fire, pool (ignited), and vapor cloud explosion. − The three main factors for the development of the main standards of H 2 fueling stations based on risk assessment techniques include (i) the various contexts and infrastructures involved, (ii) the probability of leakage, failure, and combustion, and (iii) the physical behavior of H 2 in release, combustion, and accumulation . For risk assessment, various data/information should be provided.…”

Section: Economic Safety and Environmental Aspects Of Liquid Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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The main challenges of liquid hydrogen (H2) storage as one of the most promising techniques for large-scale transport and long-term storage include its high specific energy consumption (SEC), low exergy efficiency, high total expenses, and boil-off gas losses. This article reviews different approaches to improving H2 liquefaction methods, including the implementation of absorption cooling cycles (ACCs), ejector cooling units, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid air cold energy recovery, cascade liquefaction processes, mixed refrigerant systems, integration with other structures, optimization algorithms, combined with renewable energy sources, and the pinch strategy. This review discusses the economic, safety, and environmental aspects of various improvement techniques for H2 liquefaction systems in more detail. Standards and codes for H2 liquefaction technologies are presented, and the current status and future potentials of H2 liquefaction processes are investigated. The cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates (>100 tonne/day), higher efficiency (>40%), lower SEC (<6 kWh/kgLH2), and lower investment costs (1–2 $/kgLH2). Increasing the stages in the conversion of ortho- to para-H2 lowers the SEC and increases the investment costs. Moreover, using low-temperature waste heat from various industries and renewable energy in the ACC for precooling is significantly more efficient than electricity generation in power generation cycles to be utilized in H2 liquefaction cycles. In addition, the substitution of LNG cold recovery for the precooling cycle is associated with the lower SEC and cost compared to its combination with the precooling cycle.

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Section: Economic Safety and Environmental Aspects Of Liquid Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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“…An empirical formula was also proposed in this study to predict the 1% concentration distance of 82 MPa for cryogenic hydrogen leaks through a 2 mm diameter pinhole nozzle. An additional set of experiments was later published by Kobayashi et al in 2020, on the flame resulting from the ignition of cryo-compressed hydrogen jets [63]. The same experimental setup was used as in Figure 21, except for the addition of an igniter, which was used once a steady hydrogen jet was established.…”

Section: Sandia National Laboratories (Snl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation of the ignition process of the cryogenic hydrogen jet from the CCD cameras can be seen in Figure 23. Additional images were presented in [63], highlighting the blast waves resulting due to the jet ignition. Other major findings of these ignition experiments were that the maximum overpressure was proportional to the leakage flow rate, the flame length increased with lowered temperatures and the hazard associated with the hydrogen flame worsened as the hydrogen temperature was lowered.…”

Section: Sandia National Laboratories (Snl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Hydrogen Jet and Flame for Clean Energy Applications: Progress and Challenges

et al. 2023

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Industries across the world are making the transition to net-zero carbon emissions, as government policies and strategies are proposed to mitigate the impact of climate change on the planet. As a result, the use of hydrogen as an energy source is becoming an increasingly popular field of research, particularly in the aviation sector, where an alternative, green, renewable fuel to the traditional hydrocarbon fuels such as kerosene is essential. Hydrogen can be stored in multiple ways, including compressed gaseous hydrogen, cryo-compressed hydrogen and cryogenic liquid hydrogen. The infrastructure and storage of hydrogen will play a pivotal role in the realisation of large-scale conversion from traditional fuels, with safety being a key consideration. This paper provides a review on previous work undertaken to study the characterisation of both unignited and ignited hydrogen jets, which are fundamental phenomena for the utilisation of hydrogen. This includes work that focuses on the near-field flow structure, dispersion in the far-field, ignition and flame characteristics with multi-physics. The safety considerations are also included. The theoretical models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) multiphase and reactive flow approaches are discussed. Then, an overview of previous experimental work is provided, before focusing the review on the existing computational results, with comparison to experiments. Upon completion of this review, it is highlighted that the complex near-field physics and flow phenomena are areas lacking in research. The near-field flow properties and characteristics are of significant importance with respect to the ignition and combustion of hydrogen.

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“…Instantaneous ignition is not the same as the autoignition phenomenon. In many instances, hydrogen leaks get self-ignited (however, there are also reported leaks that do not ignite). , Quick ignition in hydrogen mainly occurs due to electrostatic charge, inverse Joule–Thomson effect, ignition due to a hot surface, sudden compression or due to heat of mixing, diffusion ignition, and more…”

Section: Hydrogen Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Economy and Role of Hythane as a Bridging Solution: A Perspective Review

2021

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Molecular hydrogen is the most optimistic solution for achieving a carbon-neutral energy economy, and it requires scientific intervention for its production, storage, and transportation. In the present time, hydrogen is produced primarily from conventional fossil fuels. Hydrogen production from natural gas using partial oxidation and steam reforming processes is a relatively mature process. However, several modifications and improvements are being researched. Hydrogen generation from potential renewable and biological sources such as water splitting and biomass conversion are propitious approaches. Hydrogen is one of the smallest molecules, and the volumetric efficiency of its storage is quite poor. The creative and innovative ways for molecular hydrogen storage, including pressurized, liquified, physically adsorbed, chemically adsorbed, and in the form of gas hydrates, are being investigated. The delay in developing a systematic and mature hydrogen economy is mainly due to challenging storage conditions and the safety aspect of its transportation. Hythane, a patented mixture of hydrogen and natural gas, can act as a bridge for the hydrogen economy by sharing the current natural gas infrastructure. This review delivers an extensive understanding of the properties of hythane fuel with a brief history. Hydrogen addition can increase NO x emissions due to exceptional heat generation that can be solved to a certain extent with the approach of inventive technologies developed for internal combustion engines, including three-way catalyst, lean burn combustion, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and direct fuel injection (DFI).

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Experimental study on cryo-compressed hydrogen ignition and flame

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Cryogenic Hydrogen Jet and Flame for Clean Energy Applications: Progress and Challenges

Hydrogen Economy and Role of Hythane as a Bridging Solution: A Perspective Review

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