Experimental Study on Meniere's Disease

Kitahara, Masaaki; Takeda, Taizo; Yazawa, Yoshiro; Matsubara, Hideharu; Kitano, Hitoshi

doi:10.1177/019459988209000418

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This model animal is reported to have spontaneous nystagmus in the dark, 5,6,30 but not in the light. 31 In horizontal vestibular ocular reflex testing, vestibular ocular reflex gain was found to have decreased 1 week after the obliteration of ES. 5 These experimental results suggest that EH might contribute to vestibular dysfunction to some extent and that vestibular dysfunction might occur during the development and/or progression of EH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Morphological and functional changes in a new animal model of Ménière's disease

Egami

Kakigi

Sakamoto

et al. 2013

Laboratory Investigation

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of vertiginous attacks in Ménière's disease (MD) while obtaining insight into water homeostasis in the inner ear using a new animal model. We conducted both histopathological and functional assessment of the vestibular system in the guinea-pig. In the first experiment, all animals were maintained 1 or 4 weeks after electrocauterization of the endolymphatic sac of the left ear and were given either saline or desmopressin (vasopressin type 2 receptor agonist). The temporal bones from both ears were harvested and the extent of endolymphatic hydrops was quantitatively assessed. In the second experiment, either 1 or 4 weeks after surgery, animals were assessed for balance disorders and nystagmus after the administration of saline or desmopressin. In the first experiment, the proportion of endolymphatic space in the cochlea and the saccule was significantly greater in ears that survived for 4 weeks after surgery and were given desmopressin compared with other groups. In the second experiment, all animals that underwent surgery and were given desmopressin showed spontaneous nystagmus and balance disorder, whereas all animals that had surgery but without desmopressin administration were asymptomatic. Our animal model induced severe endolymphatic hydrops in the cochlea and the saccule, and showed episodes of balance disorder along with spontaneous nystagmus. These findings suggest that administration of desmopressin can exacerbate endolymphatic hydrops because of acute V2 (vasopressin type 2 receptor)-mediated effects, and, when combined with endolymphathic sac dysfunction, can cause temporary vestibular abnormalities that are similar to the vertiginous attacks in patients with MD. Ménière's disease (MD) is a well-known inner ear disorder characterized by symptoms including recurring attacks of vertigo typically lasting for hours, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. Since the milestone findings on the temporal bones of MD patients, 1,2 endolymphatic hydrops (EH) has been considered as the histopathological origin of MD, as characteristic morphological changes were reported to be produced by surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac (ES) in guinea-pig. 3 This observation indicates that malabsorption of endolymph in the ES is one of the possible mechanisms underlying the development of EH. This experimentally induced EH has been frequently used as an animal model to investigate the pathogenesis of inner ear disorders associated with EH. In terms of vestibular function, while canal dysfunction and/or spontaneous nystagmus have been occasionally observed in this animal model, 4,5 episodes of vertiginous attack or balance disorder have only rarely been observed. 6 In other words, this model is insufficient for fully representing the common symptoms of MD.Water homeostasis of the inner ear is essential for maintaining the functions of hearing and balance. EH is considered to be the result of disruption of inner ear water homeostasis, which ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Morphological and functional changes in a new animal model of Ménière's disease

Egami

Kakigi

Sakamoto

et al. 2013

Laboratory Investigation

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“…1). This folding or sagging of Reissner's membrane has often been observed in the lower turns of the hydropic cochlea after administration of various hyperosmotic solutions such as glycerol [15], isosorbide [16] and urea [17], suggesting dehydration of the endolymphatic space following infusion of hyperosmotic solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Studies of Cochlear Blood Flow in Guinea Pigs with Endolymphatic Hydrops

Yazawa

Kitano

Suzuki

et al. 1998

ORL

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Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess cochlear blood flow (CoBF) in guinea pigs with experimental endolymphatic hydrops following intravenous infusion of 5 types of drugs: 50% glycerol, 70% isosorbide, 20% mannitol, 7% sodium bicarbonate, and 1% diphenidol. The magnitude of the CoBF changes following infusion tended to be smaller in the hydropic ears than in the normal control ears. A significant reduction in CoBF changes was observed in hydropic ears infused with isosorbide and sodium bicarbonate. These results suggest that the cochlear microvascular sensitivity to various stimuli such as drug infusion is reduced in hydropic ears. This may result from atrophy of the stria vascularis which is often observed in the hydropic ears of guinea pigs. Thus it seems likely that the same reaction occurs in the inner ear of patients with Ménière’s disease in whom atrophy of the stria vascularis is also presumed to exist in conjunction with extensive endolymphatic hydrops. Therefore, it seems probable that the function of the microvasculature of the stria vascularis is impaired in the inner ear of patients with Ménière’s disease, resulting in the slow progressive deterioration of the inner ear with time.

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“…Only a few studies have dealt with the evaluation of vestibular function in an animal model of endolymphatic hydrops [5,6,[9][10][11] . In this study, we investigated the time course of vestibular function change in hydropic guinea pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While vertigo is a characteristic feature associated with Ménière's disease, episodes of imbalance are very rarely observed in the model of endolymphatic hydrops. Using electronystagmographic techniques, Kitahara et al [5] studied 53 guinea pigs with endolymphatic hydrops for evidence of spontaneous nystagmus but found none; however, spontaneous nystagmus in the dark was reported for about one third of a group of 23 guinea pigs with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops [6] . In this study, we investigated the time course of vestibular function changes of hydropic guinea pigs in the dark by measuring the gain of horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (HVOR) and spontaneous nystagmus with an infrared system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Time Course of Vestibular Function Changes of Experimental Endolymphatic Hydrops in Guinea Pigs

Kakigi

Taguchi²,

Takeda³

et al. 2009

ORL

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between endolymphatic hydrops and vestibular dysfunction. Methods: 20 pigmented guinea pigs were used: 15 for a hydrops group and 5 for a sham group. Endolymphatic hydrops was produced by electrocauterization of the endolymphatic sac on the left ears. In the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (HVOR) study, HVOR responses were recorded before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery in 9 animals of the hydrops group and 5 animals of the sham group. HVOR gain under sinusoidal rotation with a maximal head velocity of 45°/s and frequencies of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 Hz was analyzed. In the nystagmus study, spontaneous nystagmus was recorded in all animals of the hydrops and the sham groups for 1 h in the dark and the maximum slow-phase velocity was measured before and 1, 2, 4 weeks after surgery. Morphological changes in the inner ear were measured light microscopically. Results: In the hydrops group, the HVOR gains at all stimulation frequencies seemed to decrease 1 week after surgery and recover 2 or 4 weeks after surgery; however, there were no statistical differences among HVOR gains in any periods after surgery. The incidence of spontaneous nystagmus gradually increased after surgery and the direction and onset showed large variation. The duration of nystagmus was approximately 10 min. The degree of endolymphatic hydrops showed large variation. In the sham group, HVOR gains at all stimulation frequencies showed no statistically different change in any period after surgery. In the sham group, no animal showed spontaneous nystagmus. Conclusion: Experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops seems to contribute to vestibular dysfunction to some extent. We speculated that when endolymphatic hydrops is progressing, vestibular dysfunction might occur.

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Experimental Study on Meniere's Disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Morphological and functional changes in a new animal model of Ménière's disease

Morphological and functional changes in a new animal model of Ménière's disease

Studies of Cochlear Blood Flow in Guinea Pigs with Endolymphatic Hydrops

Time Course of Vestibular Function Changes of Experimental Endolymphatic Hydrops in Guinea Pigs

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