Experimental Study on Radiometric Performance of Synthetic Aperture Radiometer HUT-2D—Measurements of Natural Targets

Kainulainen, Juha; Rautiainen, Kimmo; Lemmetyinen, Juha; Seppänen, Jaakko; Sievinen, Pauli; Takala, Matias; Hallikainen, M.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2061857

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The HUT-2D [25], [26] is an L-band imaging aperture synthesis radiometer based on the same imaging principle as MIRAS. The campaign consisted of two flights with up to 20 overpasses of the IOA and surrounding areas.…”

Section: Airborne Campaign Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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L-Band Radiometer Observations of Soil Processes in Boreal and Subarctic Environments

Rautiainen

Lemmetyinen

Pulliainen

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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121

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The launch of the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission in November 2009 opened a new era of global passive monitoring at L-band (1.4-GHz band reserved for radio astronomy). The main objective of the mission is to measure soil moisture and sea surface salinity; the sole payload is the Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis. As part of comprehensive calibration and validation activities, several ground-based L-band radiometers, so-called ETH L-Band radiometers for soil moisture research (ELBARA-II), have been deployed. In this paper, we analyze a comprehensive set of measurements from one ELBARA-II deployment site in the northern boreal forest zone. The focus of this paper is in the detection of the evolution of soil frost (a relevant topic, e.g., for the study of carbon and methane cycles at high latitudes). We investigate the effects that soil freeze/thaw processes have on the L-band signature and present a simple modeling approach to analyze the relation between frost depth and the observed brightness temperature. Airborne observations are used to expand the analysis for different land cover types. Finally, the first SMOS observations from the same period are analyzed. Results show that soil freezing and thawing processes have an observable effect on the L-band signature of soil. Furthermore, the presented emission model is able to relate the observed dynamics in brightness temperature to the increase of soil frost.

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Section: Airborne Campaign Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These L-band dualpolarization tower-based radiometers were originally deployed in Valencia, Spain, in Munich, Germany, and in Finland. The Finnish Meteorological Institute Arctic Research Centre (FMI-ARC, 67.368 • N, 26.633 • E) in Sodankylä, Finland, has been hosting one of the ELBARA-II instruments since October 2009.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Band Radiometer Observations of Soil Processes in Boreal and Subarctic Environments

Rautiainen

Lemmetyinen

Pulliainen

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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121

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“…Prior to the application of the image reconstruction operator different visibility preprosessing methods discussed in Section 3.3, such as windowing, may be applied. With HUT-2D, we have tested the same preprocessing algorithms as in [121], with similar results [124], [160], and [Publication VI] concluding that the FTT processing yields the best results. However, an important result concerning the visibility pre-processing methods is pointed out in [Publication VI] (and discussed also later in Section 5.5.2) is the rather modest performance of the FTT algorithm.…”

Section: Image Reconstruction For Hut-2dmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The main work carried out for the thesis is related to studies of the per- Besides the three publications given above the author has written or contributed to several publications in this context: [85], [87], [89], [90], [104], [105], [124], [133], [156], [167], [176], [178], [92], [202], [203], [204], [205], [206], [207], [208], [209], [210], [211].…”

Section: Contribution Of the Thesis In The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Sea Surface Salinity Gradient Using Data Sets of Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radiometer HUT-2-D and a GNSS-R Instrument

Kainulainen

Rautiainen

Lemmetyinen

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…The HUT‐2D system has been in operational use since 2006. The performance of the HUT‐2D radiometer has been analyzed in detail based on measurements of well‐known natural targets, such as cosmic background radiation and low‐salinity water scenes [ Kainulainen et al ., ].…”

Section: Developments In Helsinki University Of Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave interferometric radiometry in remote sensing: An invited historical review

et al. 2014

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The launch of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission on 2 November 2009 marked a milestone in remote sensing for it was the first time a radiometer capable of acquiring wide field of view images at every single snapshot, a unique feature of the synthetic aperture technique, made it to space. The technology behind such an achievement was developed, thanks to the effort of a community of researchers and engineers in different groups around the world. It was only because of their joint work that SMOS finally became a reality. The fact that the European Space Agency, together with CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) and CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial), managed to get the project through should be considered a merit and a reward for that entire community. This paper is an invited historical review that, within a very limited number of pages, tries to provide insight into some of the developments which, one way or another, are imprinted in the name of SMOS.

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Experimental Study on Radiometric Performance of Synthetic Aperture Radiometer HUT-2D—Measurements of Natural Targets

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

L-Band Radiometer Observations of Soil Processes in Boreal and Subarctic Environments

L-Band Radiometer Observations of Soil Processes in Boreal and Subarctic Environments

Detection of a Sea Surface Salinity Gradient Using Data Sets of Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radiometer HUT-2-D and a GNSS-R Instrument

Microwave interferometric radiometry in remote sensing: An invited historical review

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