Experimental Study on the Evolution Trend of the Pore Structure and the Permeability of Coal under Cyclic Loading and Unloading

Abstract

In the deep mining process of coal seams, the mechanical environment of the coal body is complex and in the state of cyclic loading and unloading. The change in the stress state leads to the change in the pore characteristics and the permeability. To investigate the effects of cyclic loading and unloading on the pore characteristics and the permeability of coal, the seepage experiment was carried out for the coal samples using the self-developed triaxial permeation instrument. By pressure confining and continuous cyclic loading and unloading, the evolution of the porosity and the permeability of the coal samples was investigated. Under the condition of the experiment, the influences of the initial value of the confining pressure and the cyclic load amplitude on the evolution of the permeability and the pore structure characteristics of the coal samples were clarified. The experimental results showed that the porosity and the permeability decreased exponentially with an increase in the number of loading and unloading cycles, and this decreasing trend gradually weakened until the porosity and the permeability became relatively stable. When the cyclic load amplitude was the same and the confining pressure increased, the effective porosity of the coal body and the bound porosity decreased. When the confining pressure was the same and the cyclic load amplitude increased, the effective porosity of the coal body decreased and the bound porosity increased. The loss rate of the permeability of the coal samples increased gradually with an increase in the cyclic load amplitude. The same tendency was observed when the cyclic load amplitude was the same, and the confining pressure was different, while the increasing trend was not so obvious. By analyzing the relationship between the porosity and the permeability of the coal samples under different cyclic loading and unloading paths, it was found that the effective porosity and the permeability of the coal samples conformed to the power–law relationship in the process of cyclic loading and unloading, and the change in the cyclic load amplitude had a significant effect on this relationship. The influences of the cyclic load amplitude and the confining pressure on the stress sensitivity of the coal samples were considered, and the change factor of the stress sensitivity was introduced into the relationship between the porosity and the permeability. This relationship was established considering cyclic loading and unloading.

Rock permeability evolution during cyclic loading and colloid migration after saturation and drying

“…To predict the performance characteristics of reservoirs, it is necessary to model the changes in permeability during cyclic filling and emptying. To achieve this, rock samples are tested under laboratory conditions using cyclic confining pressure to simulate variations in pore pressure (Yang and Hu, 2018;Lei et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Xin et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2022;Kozhevnikov et al, 2023). Numerous experimental studies have observed that the curves depicting the reduction and restoration of permeability under loading are most accurately represented by power law functions (Li et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2015;Milsch et al, 2016;Nolte et al, 2021;Stanton-Yonge et al, 2023).…”

Failure characteristic and acoustic emission spatio‐temporal evolution of coal under different cyclic loading rates

“…The fatigue failure patterns of water‐bearing sandstone under cyclic loading were investigated with various amplitude levels and loading frequencies based on the numerical simulation method 12 . Xin et al 13 studied the porosity and permeability of coal with different cyclic paths. Peng et al 14 analyzed the energy dissipation and crack propagation modes of fractured sandstone with different cyclic gradient loading conditions.…”

Cyclic confining pressure and rock permeability: Mechanical compaction or fines migration

“…For example, according to Refs. [ [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] ], the decrease in permeability of porous rocks (sandstones, coal and limestones) under cyclic loading results only in the closure of micropores and cracks. The authors ignore colloid migration even though the permeability is measured with the obligatory injection of gases and liquids regardless of the measurement method in a steady state or pulse decay method.…”