Experimental study on the moving characteristics of fine grains in wide grading unconsolidated soil under heavy rainfall

Cui, Yifei; Zhou, Xiaojun; Guo, Chunjie

doi:10.1007/s11629-016-4303-x

Cited by 122 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite a small change in the geometry of the channel cross‐section, it generated a certain threat to the road near the streams. The process is different from the landslide formation mechanism reported by Cui, Zhou, & Guo () and Cui, Choi, Liu, & Ng () due to soil failure affected by fine particle blocking during high rainfall intensities.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Zhang

Cui

Yin

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Synchronously and accurately estimating the flood discharges and dynamic changes in the fluid density is essential for hydraulic analysis and forecasting of flash floods, as well as for risk assessment. However, such information is rare for steep mountain catchments, especially in regions that are hotspots for earthquakes. Therefore, six hydrological monitoring sites were established in the main stream and tributaries of the 78.3-km 2 Longxi River catchment, an affected region of the Wenchuan earthquake region in China. Direct real-time monitoring equipment was installed to measure the flow depths, velocities, and fluid total pressures of the flood hydrographs. On the basis of field measurements, real-time mean cross-sectional velocities during the flood hydrographs could be derived from easily obtainable parameters: crosssectional maximum velocities and the calibrated dimensionless parameter K h . Realtime discharges were determined on the basis of a noncontact method to establish the effective rating curves of this mountainous stream, ranging from 1.46 to 386.34 m 3 /s with the root mean square errors of ≤10.22 m 3 /s. Compared with the traditional point-velocity method and empirical Manning's formula, the proposed noncontact method was reliable and safe for monitoring whole flood hydrographs. Additionally, the real-time fluid density during the flood hydrographs was calculated on the basis of the direct monitoring parameters for fluid total pressures and water depths. During the flood hydrograph, transient flow behaviour with higher fluid density generally occurred downstream during the flood peak periods when the flow was in the supercritical flow regime. The observed behaviour greatly increased the threat of damage to infrastructure and human life near the river. Thus, it is important to accurately estimate flood discharge and identify for fluid densities so that people at risk from an impending flash flood are given reliable, advanced warning. K E Y W O R D S discharge estimation, flash floods, flow regime, fluid density, real-time monitoring, steep mountain catchment

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Zhang

Cui

Yin

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…Debris flows are geological phenomena that can be characterized by their high solid fraction and wide range of particle sizes (Cui 1999). Debris flows surge downslope at high velocities due to gravity (Cui et al 2017a) and pose a major threat to local populations and infrastructure due to their long run-out distances (Zhang 1993;Scott et al 2001;Ni et al 2014;Zhou et al 2016). To intercept these hazardous phenomena, structural countermeasures are commonly installed along the predicted flow paths to dissipate the kinetic energy and retain the debris volume (Baldwin et al 1987;Hübl et al 2005;Cui et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the regulation function of slit dam against debris flows

Zhou

Song

et al. 2018

Landslides

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Slit dams are open-type structures used to mitigate debris-flow hazards by constricting the flow and attenuating the kinetic energy. However, slit dams are often filled up as they are designed to impede debris volume instead of reducing kinetic energy of debris flows. To better understand the regulation function of slit dams against debris flows, physical model tests were carried out using a 7-m-long flume. The water content and relative post spacing were varied to discern their influence on the regulation function. Results reveal that the velocity attenuation and trapping efficiency is strongly controlled by water content and relative post spacing. Water content fundamentally reflects the degree of liquefaction (effetive grain-contact stress) and capacity of energy dissipation of debris flows. When water content < 26%, relative post spacing has a noticeable effect on velocity attenuation, trapping efficiency, and run-out distance. In contrast, when water content ≥ 26%, the influence relative post spacing is negligible. Furthermore, a new relationship between velocity attenuation and trapping efficiency for the design of slit dams is proposed to avoid the slit dam being easily filled up by sediments contained in debris flows.

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“…Rising temperatures accelerated snow-melt and glacial recession. Runoff from snow and glaciers infiltrated the loose sediments and reduced its shear strength [27], thereby enhancing the scale of debris flows through entrainment. For the 25 July 2010 and 4 September 2010 debris flows, the average temperature for the 30 days preceding the flows was 18 • C, which was 2 • C higher than the average temperature in the region.…”

Section: Tianmo Watershed and 2010 Debris Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study: Effects of a Partial-Debris Dam on Riverbank Erosion in the Parlung Tsangpo River, China

Choi

Cui

et al. 2018

Water

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This paper examines two successive debris flows that deposited a total of 1.4 million m 3 of sediment into the Parlung Tsangpo River in China in 2010. As a result of these deposits, a partial-debris dam was formed in the river. This dam rerouted the discharge in the river along one of the riverbanks, which supported a highway. The rerouted discharge eroded the riverbank and the highway eventually collapsed. To enhance our understanding of the threat posed by partial-debris dams, a field investigation was carried out to measure the discharge in the river and to collect soil samples of the collapsed riverbank. Findings from the field investigation were then used to back-analyze fluvial erosion along the riverbank using a combined erosion framework proposed in this study. This combined framework adopts a dam-breach erosion model which can capture the progressive nature of fluvial erosion by considering the particle size distribution of the soil being eroded. The results from the back-analysis were then evaluated against unique high-resolution images obtained from satellites. This case study not only highlights the consequences of the formation of partial-debris dams on nearby infrastructure, but it also proposes the use of a combined erosion framework to provide a first-order assessment of riverbank stability. Unique high-resolution satellite images are used to assess the proposed erosion framework and key challenges in assessing erosion are discussed.

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Experimental study on the moving characteristics of fine grains in wide grading unconsolidated soil under heavy rainfall

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Experimental study on the regulation function of slit dam against debris flows

Case Study: Effects of a Partial-Debris Dam on Riverbank Erosion in the Parlung Tsangpo River, China

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