Experimental Study on the Physical Simulation of Water Invasion in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs

Fang, Feifei; Shen, Weijun; Gao, Shusheng; Liu, Huaxun; Wang, Qingfu; Li, Yang

doi:10.3390/app7070697

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, the problems may be further aggravated due to faulty well trajectory or strong acid treatment, resulting in rapid deterioration of well performance. Fang et al (2017) addressed a similar problem for a gas reservoir. Their observation differs from that of Reda is that, whereas Reda (2016) claims that oil reservoir aquifer strength has a little effect on produced water cut, Fang et al (2017) found great impact of aquifer size and strength on gas productivity and water cut, possibly because of higher dissolved gas in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling excess water production in fractured carbonate reservoirs: chemical zonal protection design

Ghosh

Ali

Belhaj

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Fractured carbonate reservoirs are prone to premature water cut production at the early stage of recovery. Conventionally completed long horizontal wells, suffering from high water cut through fracture networks, need reliable and cost-effective treatment solutions to control water entry, without damaging oil-saturated segments. Protection of oil flow channels from polymer gel invasion could be a challenge in complex fractured reservoirs because of the enormity of the number of zones that may require damage protection. In this work, a chemical package system is developed, comprising three different chemical solutions. The first fluid is designed to protect the low-permeable oil-saturated zones by creating an impermeable barrier while keeping the water conductive fractures open, followed by a gelant, designed to invade, solidify, and seal off the water conductive fractures. The third treatment is designed for a complete dissolution of the protective barrier created by the first fluid. The effectiveness of this process is evaluated through a set of four core flood studies at reservoir conditions. It was observed that whereas the effective brine permeability could be reduced by 74-91%, oil effective permeability is reduced by 12-17% depending on the fracture aperture. The paper also discusses the key parameters to be addressed for successful field implementation of this technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling excess water production in fractured carbonate reservoirs: chemical zonal protection design

Ghosh

Ali

Belhaj

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…Persoff and Pruess (1995), Chen et al (2013), Zhou et al (2002) and Li et al (2008) developed a transparent micro-physical model of a water-driven gas experiment by etching a pore throat structure on a glass panel using laser etching technology, and they argued that water trapped the gas in the matrix block by means of circumfluence, cut off phenomenon and water lock, which resulted in a reduction of both gas production rate and recovery factor. Jiao et al (2014) and Fang et al (2017) conducted the full-diameter cores and analyzed the influence of different factors on water invasion in gas reservoirs with the pore type. Ahmadi et al (2014) predicted water breakthrough time by calculating the time of water-cone breakthrough, which was applied in heterogeneous sandstone gas reservoirs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on water invasion mechanism of fractured carbonate gas reservoirs in Longwangmiao Formation, Moxi block, Sichuan Basin

Fang

Shen

et al. 2019

Environ Earth Sci

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Fractured carbonate gas reservoirs feature high heterogeneity and difficulty in development, and the invasion of edge and bottom water intensifies the complexity of exploitation of such gas reservoirs. In this study, reservoir cores with a permeability of 0.001 mD, 0.1 mD, and 10 mD were selected by analyzing the fracture characteristics of the Longwangmiao gas reservoir, and water invasion in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs with edge and bottom water was simulated using an experimental system to investigate the effects of different parameters on gas reservoir exploitation. The results show that the larger the water volume ratio, the more serious the water invasion and the lower the recovery factor. But water aquifer did not strongly affect the recovery factor once the water aquifer exceeded a critical value. The higher the gas production rate, the faster the water invasion and the smaller the recovery factor. The recovery factor peaked when the gas production rate was equivalent to the gas supply capacity of the matrix to the fractures. For gas reservoirs with the overall permeability, the higher the matrix permeability, the higher the recovery factor. Although an appropriate fracturing scale was able to enhance the recovery factor when its matrix permeability was low, an excessive fracturing scale would cause water to flow along the fractures at a rapid rate, which further caused a sharp decline in the recovery factor. With the increase of matrix permeability, fractures exerted a decreasing effect on gas reservoirs. These results can provide insights into a better understanding of water invasion and the effects of reservoir properties so as to optimize gas production in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs.

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“…Advancement of Water Invasion. The gas production rate is 4 Geofluids a significant parameter during the gas reservoir exploitation, which affects water invasion and ultimate recovery of gas reservoirs [8,32]. In order to understand the effect of gas production rate on nonuniform water invasion, the pressure difference between water bodies and different permeability reservoirs is measured by conducting water invasion physical simulation experiments on different production rates.…”

Section: Effect Of Gas Production Rate On Nonuniformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the gas reservoirs in China belong to water-drive gas reservoirs surrounded by aquifers, in which there are about 40 to 50 percent of gas reservoirs with active edgeand-bottom water [8,9]. Due to the existence of edge-andbottom water in gas reservoirs, the reservoir pressure will gradually decrease with the exploitation of gas reservoirs, which results in the invasion of the edge-and-bottom water into the gas pay zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Water Invasion and Its Effect on the Production from Multilayer Unconsolidated Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Shen

et al. 2021

Geofluids

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Water invasion is a common occurrence in multilayer unconsolidated gas reservoirs, which results in excessive water production and reduces the economic life of gas wells. However, due to multiple layers, active edge water, and strong heterogeneity, the mechanism of water invasion and its effect in the unconsolidated sandstone gas reservoir require understanding in order to improve efficiency and minimize economic cost. In this study, an experimental study on edge water invasion of the multilayer commingled production in unconsolidated sandstone gas reservoirs was conducted to understand the water invasion process along with different permeability layers. The results show that the edge water invasion in the commingling production is mainly affected by two major factors including reservoir permeability and gas production rate, which jointly control the encroaching water advance path and speed. The nonuniform invade of edge water may occur easily and water prefers to invade toward the gas well along with high permeability layers when the commingling production is in the condition of large permeability gradient and high production rate. The bypass flow will occur when there are high permeability channels between the layers, which causes water blocking to low-permeability layers and periphery reservoirs far away from gas wells. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of water invasion and the effects of reservoir properties so as to optimize extraction conditions and predict gas productivity in unconsolidated sandstone gas reservoirs.

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Experimental Study on the Physical Simulation of Water Invasion in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Controlling excess water production in fractured carbonate reservoirs: chemical zonal protection design

Controlling excess water production in fractured carbonate reservoirs: chemical zonal protection design

Experimental study on water invasion mechanism of fractured carbonate gas reservoirs in Longwangmiao Formation, Moxi block, Sichuan Basin

Study on the Water Invasion and Its Effect on the Production from Multilayer Unconsolidated Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

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