Experimental Study on the Water-Induced Weakening of Calcarenites

Ciantia, Matteo Oryem; Castellanza, Riccardo; Prisco, Claudio di

doi:10.1007/s00603-014-0603-z

Cited by 142 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This strength reduction is not identical for all rock types and may depend on the rock mineralogy and especially the clay content, as reported in Hawkins and Mcconnell (1992) and Morales Demarco et al (2007) for sandstones. Finally, water may have an active weathering role by dissolving bonds between grains within the material (Ciantia et al 2014). All of these factors should enhance the stress corrosion process active during cyclic loading.…”

Section: Relation Between Creep and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cerfontaine¹,

Collin²

2017

Rock Mech Rock Eng

293

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Section: Relation Between Creep and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cerfontaine¹,

Collin²

2017

Rock Mech Rock Eng

293

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“…For sake of simplicity, in this work the weathering path considered is as follows: during saturation, because the inundation phase is assumed to be rapid enough to prevent any dissolution, only the STD process is assumed to take place; consequently, ξ dis is constant, while S r evolves from 0 to 1. As detailed in Ciantia et al (2015b), STD evolves for a limited range of degree of saturation. Once S r > S r,cr dissolution is assumed to start, and hence LTD starts evolving with ξ dis .…”

Section: Chemo-hydro-mechanical Fem Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first (BVP #1) is a model footing test on dry and wet calcarenite, while the second (BVP #2) is a loaded small-scale pillar subject to both the STD and LTD weathering mechanisms. For this latter the experimental results are taken from Ciantia et al (2015b). The calcarenite samples of the two BVP's were prepared from a Calcarenite di Gravina Formation block extracted few miles from the analysed cavity, hence have different initial strength conditions (p m0 ), but the rest of the model parameters are the same.…”

Section: Model Validation At the Laboratory Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental test simulates the degradation processes that might occur in a rock pillar within an underground cavity, when the rock is first soaked by water and then subjected to chemical weathering (Castellanza et al 2008). As the applied vertical stress is smaller than the saturated strength of the calcarenite, the STD will not induce failure, whereas similar experiments where the pillar failure is induced by STD are reported in Ciantia et al (2015b). The testing layout and an illustration of the different stages of the test are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Bvp#2: Std and Ltd Processes Inducing Model Pillar Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

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A 3D Numerical Approach to Assess the Temporal Evolution of Settlement Damage to Buildings on Cavities Subject to Weathering

2018

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The goal of this paper is to show how a recently developed advanced chemo-hydro-mechanical (CHM)-coupled constitutive and numerical model for soft rocks can be applied to predict the temporal evolution of settlement damage to buildings on cavities subject to weathering. In particular, a Building Damage Index (BDI) and its evolution with time is proposed. The definition of the BDI is inspired by the work of Boscardin and Cording (J Geotech Eng 115:1-21, 1989) and uses the surface differential settlements obtained by finite element (FE) analyses to assess how far a building is from a non-acceptable service condition. By modelling the reactive transport of chemical species in 3D and using a coupled CHM constitutive and numerical model, it is possible to simulate weathering scenarios and monitor the temporal evolution of surface settlements making the BDI time dependent. This approach is applied to evaluate the damage evolution of two buildings lying on two anthropic caves in a calcarenite deposit belonging to the Calcarenite di Gravina Formation. Standard and advanced experimental tests are performed on the in situ material, and the results are used to calibrate the constitutive model. The soundness of both constitutive relationship and reactive transport solver is subsequently tested by simulating two laboratory-scale boundary value experiments. The first is a model footing test on dry and wet calcarenite, while the second is a small-scale pillar that, after the saturation-induced short-term water weakening, fails due to a long-term dissolution weathering process. Finally, both 2D and 3D coupled FE analyses simulating different weathering scenarios and corresponding settlements affecting the buildings above the considered cavities are presented. Particular attention is placed on assessing the BDI and its temporal evolution. Keywords

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“…The porosity-strength relation for calcarenite rock was experimentally established 321 (Ciantia et al, 2014c) for both the unconfined compression and tensile modes of failure. Data 322 for unconfined compression on a cube of pumice rock was available in Wesley, 2007.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DEM modelling of cone penetration tests in a double-porosity crushable granular material

Ciantia

Arroyo²,

Butlanska³

et al. 2016

Computers and Geotechnics

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114

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A three-dimensional discrete element model is used to investigate the effect of grain crushing on the tip resistance measured by cone penetration tests (CPT) in calibration chambers. To do that a discrete analogue of pumice sand, a very crushable microporous granular material, is created. The particles of the discrete model are endowed with size-dependent internal porosity and crushing resistance. A simplified Hertz-Mindlin elasto-frictional model is used for contact interaction. The model has 6 material parameters that are calibrated using one oedometer test and analogies with similar geomaterials. The calibration is validated reproducing other element tests. To fill a calibration chamber capable of containing a realistic sized CPT the discrete analogue is up-scaled by a factor of 25. CPT is then performed at two different densities and three different confinement pressures. Cone tip resistance in the crushable material is practically insensitive to initial density, as had been observed in previous physical experiments. The same CPT series is repeated but now particle crushing is disabled. The ratios of cone tip resistance between the two types of simulation are in good agreement with previous experimental comparisons of hard and crushable soils. Microscale exploration of the models indicates that crushing disrupts the buttressing effect of chamber walls on the cone. A three-dimensional discrete element model is used to investigate the effect of grain 6 crushing on the tip resistance measured by cone penetration tests (CPT) in calibration 7 chambers. To do that a discrete analogue of pumice sand, a very crushable microporous 8 granular material, is created. The particles of the discrete model are endowed with size-9 dependent internal porosity and crushing resistance. A simplified Hertz-Mindlin elasto-10 frictional model is used for contact interaction. The model has 6 material parameters that are 11 calibrated using one oedometer test and analogies with similar geomaterials. The calibration 12 is validated reproducing other element tests. To fill a calibration chamber capable of 13 containing a realistic sized CPT the discrete analogue is up-scaled by a factor of 25. CPT is 14 then performed at two different densities and three different confinement pressures. Cone tip 15 resistance in the crushable material is practically insensitive to initial density, as had been 16 observed in previous physical experiments. The same CPT series is repeated but now particle 17 crushing is disabled. The ratios of cone tip resistance between the two types of simulation are 18 in good agreement with previous experimental comparisons of hard and crushable soils. 19Microscale exploration of the models indicates that crushing disrupts the buttressing effect of 20 chamber walls on the cone. 21 KEY WORDS: 22Discrete element method, pumice sand, cone penetration, particle crushing, double porosity 23 *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 2 2

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Experimental Study on the Water-Induced Weakening of Calcarenites

Cited by 142 publications

References 19 publications

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives

A 3D Numerical Approach to Assess the Temporal Evolution of Settlement Damage to Buildings on Cavities Subject to Weathering

DEM modelling of cone penetration tests in a double-porosity crushable granular material

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